PREDICTION OF COMPLEX PIER SCOUR USING GENE EXPRESSION
PROGRAMMING
REZA MOHAMMADPOUR
(1)
& AMINUDDIN AB GHANI
(2)
(1)
Department of civil engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban Iran
reza564@gmail.com
(2)
River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
Redac02@usm.my
ABSTRACT
Accurate estimation of scour depth at complex pier leads to an economic and correct design for level of
foundation. Due to technical and economic reasons, complex piers (pier including foundation) are more
general for bridge design. In this study, two robust techniques, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Gene
Expression Programming (GEP) were employed for prediction of scour depth at complex piers. A wide range
of dataset was collected from present study as well as literature, the clear water condition was chosen for
experimental tests. The result shows that the scour depth at complex piers is a function of pier diameter (b
c
)
and foundation level (Y). The RBF (Radial Base Function) network with R
2
=0.945 and RMSE =0.031 provides
better prediction in comparison with previous equations and the GEP techniques (R
2
=0.811and
RMSE=0.263). A formula was developed using GEP to predict local scour at complex piers. Although,
accuracy of the RBF is higher than GEP, the GEP based formula is more useful for practical purposes and
can be easily employed to predict the depth of scour at complex piers. This paper highlights that the
mentioned techniques can be successfully used for accurate estimation of local scour and lead to the
protection of bridge piers.
Keywords: Neural Network; GEP; Local scour; Complex piers scour; Erosion.
1 INTRODUCTION
Accurate estimation of scour depth at bridge pier is one of the major concerns during a flood hazard.
Bridge piers are usually constructed on the foundation (pile cap) with or without the group of piles (complex
piers). Due to technical and economic reasons, complex piers are more general for bridge design (Ataie-
Ashtiani et al., 2010; Sheppard and Glasser, 2004). Generally, the foundation of complex piers can be found
below the initial bed. Moreno et al. (2016) showed that scour around pile groups is caused by two types of
mechanisms: (1) those causing local scour at individual piles, i.e., downflow, horseshoe vortex, wake vortices,
and bow wave; and (2) those attributable to the interaction of the different piles, i.e., scour reinforcement,
sheltering, wake vortex interaction, and compressed horseshoe vortices (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Flow structure around complex piers (Moreno et al., 2016).
Proceedings of the 37th IAHR World Congress
August 13 – 18, 2017, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
©2017, IAHR. Used with permission / ISSN 1562-6865 (Online) - ISSN 1063-7710 (Print) 1635