Sci. Agri.
20 (3), 2017: 81-85
© PSCI Publications
Scientia Agriculturae
www.pscipub.com/SA
E-ISSN: 2310-953X / P-ISSN: 2311-0228
DOI: 10.15192/PSCP.SA.2017.20.3.8185
Proximate Composition And Preliminary Allelopathic Effect
Of A Tropical Fern, Cyclosorus Afer On Oryza Sativa
Akomolafe G. F
1*
, Oloyede F. A
2
, Chukwu A.K
3
1. Department of Botany, Federal University Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nigeria
2. Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Paper Information A B S T R A C T
Received: 2 April, 2017
Accepted: 13 August, 2017
Published: 11 November, 2017
Cyclosorus afer exhibit a strong mechanism of dominance in the areas in
which they live. The objective of this research work is to evaluate
proximate composition and allelopathic effect of C. afer on Oryza sativa.
Proximate composition of C. afer frond and root was determined following
standard methods. In order to determine the allelopathic effect, fresh frond
and root extracts of C. afer was prepared as follows; 72 g of fresh sample
of each of the selected plant part was washed, cut, grounded and soaked in
1000 ml of distilled water and subjected to filtration through sterilized
Whatman no.1 filter paper. Five seed randomly selected were placed in
each of 9 clean, oven dried Petri dishes which have been lined with filter
paper. Measurements of the plumule and radicle were taken at regular time
interval. The results showed that C. afer frond has a high percentage of
carbohydrate 51.26%, protein 10.94%, Ether extract 20.00%, while roots
of C. afer has a higher percentage of moisture content 4.75%, crude fiber
2.75% and Ash 15.00. The result also revealed that no extract significantly
inhibited germination, but plumule length was stimulated positively in both
treatments while also showing tendency of root inhibition. It was
concluded that aqueous extract of C. afer has inhibitory effect pronounced
in radicle growth of O. sativa seedling as well as stimulatory effect on the
plumule length of same seedlings. Their low protein and Crude fiber
content renders them inedible by herbivore and humans thereby
dominating their natural habitats.
© 2017 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.
Key words: Allelopathy; Fronds; Germination; Invasive; Proximate composition
Introduction
One of the greatest challenges in ecological studies is the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for successful
plant invasion and dominance (Catford et al., 2009). The release of chemicals from some plant organs by a number of
processes in simulated and natural conditions which could pose harmful or beneficial effect on neighboring plants is regarded
as allelopathy (Ferguson and Rathinasabapathi, 2009). These chemicals do produce some changes in the environment directly
through phytotoxicity, or indirectly by interfering with soil microbes (Einhelling, (1986), Cipollini et al., (2012), Kraus et al.,
(2003). Proximate composition of plants is referred to as the gross components (Protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, etc.) of the
plant rather than individual nutrients such as amino acid, fatty acids, monosaccharides and minerals (Prohp et al., 2006).
Invasive plants have been reported to be one of the largest contributors to biodiversity loss all over the world.
Cyclosorus afer (Christ.) Ching. have been found to have dominated some wetlands in Lafia, Nigeria displacing other plants
from their natural habitats. This may pose a serious threat to biodiversity. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the potential
allelopathic effects of this plant on some neighboring wetland plants by testing for the presence of allelopathic chemicals in the
plant fronds and roots. Furthermore, negative allelopathic effects are important parts of plant defense against herbivore (Stamp,
2003) thereby creating the need for a proximate analysis of Cyclosorus afer. This study therefore aimed at investigating the
proximate composition and allelopathic effects of C. afer on Oryza sativa
Materials And Method
Study Area and Sample Collection
The study was carried out at Lafia, Nasarawa-State. Lafia is the capital of Nasarawa state and lies between latitude
8
o
25’40
o
N to 8
o
34’15
o
N and longitude 8
o
24’25
o
E to 8
o
39’19
o
E in the Guinea savannah region of northern Nigeria. Fronds and