A.Zazybin. Doctor of Science, Associate Professor, Center of Chemical Engineering, KBTU; Institute of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University. E-mail: azazybin@yahoo.com Kh.Rafikova. PhD, Senior Lector, Center of Chemical Engineering, KBTU; Institute of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University. E-mail: hadichahan@mail.ru V.Yu. Doctor of Science, Full Professor, Associate Professor, Center of Chemical Engineering, KBTU; Chief Researcher at the ICHEMSCI. E-mail: yu_vk@mail.ru D.Zolotareva. Master of Science, Junior Researcher, Center of Chemical Engineering, KBTU. E-mail: zolotareva.2909@mail.ru Current research interests of the authors: organic synthesis, ionic com- pounds and ionic liquids with potential biological activity, metal-con- taining ionic liquids, catalysis, green chemistry, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. V.M.Dembitsky. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor at the NSCMB FEB RAS. Telephone: +7(423)231 ± 0905, e-mail: valeryde@imb.dvo.ru Current research interests: biochemistry, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, biotechnology, cancer research. T.Sasaki. PhD, Professor, Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo. Telephone: +81(4)7136 ± 3910, e-mail: takehiko@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp Current research interests: catalyst synthesis, mesoporous material, nanomaterials, surface chemistry. Received 14 April 2017 Translation: Z.P.Svitanko DOI: 10.1070/RCR4743 Metal-containing ionic liquids: current paradigm and applications Alexey Zazybin, a, b Khadichakhan Rafikova, a, b Valentina Yu, a, c Darya Zolotareva, a Valery M. Dembitsky, d Takehiko Sasaki e a Center of Chemical Engineering, Kazakh-British Technical University 59 Tole-bi str., 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan b Institute of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Satbayev University 22a Satpayev str., 050013 Almaty, Kazakhstan c A.B.Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences 106 Walikhanov str., 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan d National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Pal'chevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation e School of Frontier Sciences, Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo Chiba, Kashiwa, Kashiwanoha, 5-1-5, 277-8561, Japan Contents I. Introduction II. Ionic liquids containing a metal atom as a part of the cation and/or anion III. Ionic liquids with a metal atom or metal complex coordinated to the cation or anion IV. Ionic liquids with a dissolved metal salt or a dissolved metal complex V. Ionic liquids containing metal or metal oxide nanoparticles VI. Application of metal-containing ionic liquids VII. Conclusion Service code Last printed 12 december 17:07:28 Metal-containing ionic liquids have been known for several decades and the scope of their applicability is currently extending. The review briefly considers four key types of these ionic liquids, namely, ionic liquids containing a metal atom in the cation and/or anion; a metal atom or metal complex coordinated to the cation or anion; a dissolved metal salt or complex; and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. The use of metal-containing ionic liquids in organic synthesis is considered, including cyclization and isomerization, alkylation, carbonylation, metathesis and C7C coupling reactions. In particular, isobutane alkylation with but-2-ene underlies the production of high-octane fuel. Particular sections are devoted to the use of metal- containing ionic liquids for fuel desulfurization and denitrogenation and for electrodeposition. Promising applications of these materials in biomedicine, biomass refining, CO 2 capture and design of new soft materials are outlined. The bibliography includes 215 references. # 2017 Russian Academy of Sciences and Turpion Ltd. A.Zazybin, Kh.Rafikova, V.Yu, D.Zolotareva, V.M.Dembitsky, T.Sasaki Russ. Chem. Rev., 2017, 86 (12) 1254 ± 1270