е-ɫɩиɫɚɧие ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ хɭɦɚɧиɬɚɪиɫɬиɤɚɬɚ ɏ-ɏɏI ɜ. ɝɨɞ. V, 2017, ɛɪɨɣ 10; ISSN 1314-9067 http://www.abcdar.com Иɪиɧɚ Гɪиɝɨɪɨɜɚ Irina Grigorova (Bulgaria, Institute of Historical Studies, BAS) The French Cultural Policy in Bulgaria (1940s – 1980s) Abstract: In the period from the 1940s to the 1980s, the cultural diplomacy (so-МКХХОН “sШПt ЩШаОr”) аКs tСО ЦШst ТЦЩШrtКЧt ТЧstrЮЦОЧt ШП tСО FrОЧМС ПШrОТРЧ ЩШХТМв tШаКrН EКstОrЧ Europe, Bulgaria in particular. Initially, resuming its influence was not possible for France through other means due to post-war economic and financial weakness. After several years of tension between the East and the West during the Cold War, the second half of the 1950s saw another surge in the French cultural diplomacy. De GaulХО’s ПТЯО-year plans defined aims, priorities, funds and adaptability. This study reveals the resources and the flexibility of the French cultural policy, its fluctuations and effect on various areas. Иɪиɧɚ Гɪиɝɨɪɨɜɚ (Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ, ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɹ, ȻȺɇ) Ɏɪеɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɚ ɩɨɥиɬиɤɚ ɜ Бъɥɝɚɪия (40-ɬе – 80-ɬе ɝ. ɧɚ ɏɏ ɜ.) ɉɨɞɞɴɪɠɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢ ɫɴɫ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ ɩɪɟɡ ɋɪɟɞɧɨɜɟɤɨɜɢɟɬɨ, ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɧɟɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɟ ɜɧɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɫɥɟɞ ɧɹɤɨɥɤɨ „ɬɴɦɧɢ” ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ, ɜ ɤɪɚɹ ɧɚ БIБ ɜ., Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɜɨ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɬɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɫɤɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɟɥɢɬ, ɡɚɜɴɪɲɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɫɢ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɚɬ ɜ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɬɚ. ɉɨɞɱɟɪɬɚɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɬɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɡɚɟɦɚɬ ɟɡɢɤɴɬ ɢ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ. Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢɹɬ ɟɡɢɤ ɟ ɟɡɢɤɴɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɬɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɰɢɹɬɚ; ɤɧɹɡ Ɏɟɪɞɢɧɚɧɞ, ɩɨ-ɤɴɫɧɨ ɰɚɪ, ɝɨɪɞɟɟɳ ɫɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɞɚ ɫɢ – ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɹ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɤɪɚɥ Ʌɭɢ-Ɏɢɥɢɩ (1830-1848), ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɹ ɫ ɞɟɰɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɧɚ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɟɡɢɤ; ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɢɹɬ ɟɬɢɤɟɬ ɜɴɡɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɱɟɪɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɨɬ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢɹ ɤɪɚɥɫɤɢ ɞɜɨɪ ɫ ɛɚɥɨɜɟɬɟ, ɦɚɫɤɚɪɚɞɢɬɟ, ɞɢɧцɬɚ, ɬɚɛɥɨ ɜɢɜɚɧ (ɛɭɤɜ. ɠɢɜɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ – ɞɨɦɚɤɢɧɴɬ ɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɧɟɧɢɬɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɚɜɚɳɢ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɢ, ɜɥɢɡɚɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɫɬɢɧɚɥ ɤɚɞɴɪ) ɢ ɞɪ. (ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ 1991, Ƚɪɭɟɜ 1991). ɍɫɩɨɪɟɞɧɨ ɫɴɫ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɬ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɢɬ ɜ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɴɪɠɚɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɢ ɩɴɪɜɚɬɚ ɛɴɥɝɚɪɫɤɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ, ɤɭɥɬɭɪɧɚɬɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɚɬɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɫɴɳɨ ɱɟɪɩɢ ɜɞɴɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ, ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɫɴɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢ ɬɜɨɪɰɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɛɢ. ɇɚɪɟɞ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɨɩɟɪɧɨ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɝɨɫɬɭɜɚɬ ɧɟɦɫɤɢ, ɢɬɚɥɢɚɧɫɤɢ ɢ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɧɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ (ɋɨɮɢɣɫɤɚ ɨɩɟɪɚ 2017). ȼ ɬɟɚɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɤɥɚɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɢ ɢ ɪɭɫɤɢ ɩɢɟɫɢ (ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ-Ƚɢɪɝɢɧɨɜɚ 2002). Ɉɬ ɤɪɚɹ ɧɚ БIБ ɜ. ɜ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɧɚɜɥɢɡɚ ɧɨɜɨɬɨ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨ – ɤɢɧɨɬɨ, ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɹɜɚɧɨ ɨɬ ɟɥɢɬɚ, ɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɫɪɟɞ ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɯɨɪɚ. ȼ ɫɚɥɨɧɢɬɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɥɴɱɜɚɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɮɢɥɦɢ, ɧɨ ɫɥɟɞ ɉɴɪɜɚɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɧɚ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɬɟ ɞɟɥɹɬ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɟɦɫɤɢɬɟ ɢ ɯɨɥɢɜɭɞɫɤɢɬɟ, ɚ ɫ ɜɴɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɬɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ (1934) – ɢ ɫɴɜɟɬɫɤɢɬɟ (ɏɢɰɨɜɚ 2011). Ʉɨɥɤɨɬɨ ɞɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ,