Introduction Iranian Middle Paleolithic is mainly known from a number of excavated and surveyed cave and rockshelter sites in the Zagros Mountains which their lithic assemblages were the basis for deining of Zagros Mousterian. An industry characterized by discoid and Levallois core methods of lake production. he Zagros Mousterian assemblages characterized by intense core reduction and tool retouch that relected in the small size of exhausted cores and heavily retouched tools (Dibble 1984; Lindly 2005; Skinner 1965). As a result, the assemblages are rich in various types of side-scrapers such as single, double and convergent scrapers showing invasive and steep retouch on their edges. Recent research in a cluster of Middle Paleolithic cave and rockshelter sites near Isfahan, situated between Zagros Mountains and central desert of Iran, produced lithic assemblages showing features that are new to Iranian Middle Paleolithic industries. his paper irst briely describes some results of excavations carried out in this site complex and then it presents analysis of obtained lithic assemblages from Qaleh Bozi Rockshelter that provide insights into the Middle Paleolithic lithic variability and human behavior in this transitional zone between high Zagros Mountains and Iranian central deserts. Qaleh Bozi sites he Qaleh Bozi sites are situated about 25 km south-southwest of Esfahan, close to the inner foothills of the Zagros range. he sites include a large rockshelter (QB 1), a large cave (QB 2) and a very small rockshelter (QB 3) located between 1750 and 1810 meters above sea level, on the southern face of Qaleh Bozi Mountain. Surface sampling and test excavations in QB2 and QB3 in 2005 and 2008 produced diverse vertebrate remains and lithics artifacts, mostly in a fresh condition. (Biglari et al. 2009; Jaubert et al. 2010). Apart from small excavated assemblages in 2005 and 2008 seasons, majority of the Middle Paleolithic material from Qaleh Bozi 2 found in a disturbed context. Test excavation in the Qaleh Bozi 3 yielded a small, but rich Middle Paleolithic industry associated with scattered faunal remains. Qaleh Bozi Rockshelter Qaleh Bozi Rockshelter (QB 3) lies about 110 m to the south of the large cave of Qaleh Bozi (QB 2). The shelter faces northwest, overlooking a steep rocky slope. It is a small rockshelter, 5 m deep, 3 m wide, with 8 m² of interior floor space. Test units placed within a grid-coordinate system and six adjacent units (150×100cm) were excavated to a depth of 180cm. he arbitrary excavation levels grouped into three major stratigraphic units, labeled I, II, and III from top to bottom. In total, the excavated deposits yielded near 200 lithic artifacts and about 300 bone fragments and teeth which came from stratigraphic unit II. he majority of faunal assemblage belong to medium and large mammals. he Typo-technological analysis of the Late Middle Paleolithic bifacial industry of Qaleh Bozi Rockshelter, Central Iran Fereidoun Biglari Paleolithic Department, National Museum of Iran, Iran. Email: fbiglari@gmail.com 048 The First RNMH Processes in West Asia