Global Journal of
Guidance and Counselling
Volume 03, Issue 2, (2013) 24-28
www.awer-center/gjgc
Time perspective in Iranian students
Fateme Rahmatian*, Shahid Beheshti University, Psychology Facualty, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam Famenini, Shahid Beheshti University, Psychology Facualty, Tehran, Iran.
Marjan Haghighatgoo, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Litreture and Human Science Facualty, Ardabil,
Iran.
Massoume Shahsavar kale sar, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Litreture and Human Science Facualty,
Ardabil, Iran.
P.G. Zimbardo, Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Stanford.
Suggested Citation:
Rahmatian, F., Famenini, M. Haghighatgoo, M., Shahsavar kale sar, M. and Zimbardo, P., G. (2013). Time
perspective in Iranian students. Global Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 3(2), 24-28.
Received 12 April, 2013; revised 14 June, 2013; accepted 18 October, 2013.
Selection and peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Kobus Mareeentra, University of Pretoria South
Africa
©
2013 SPROC LTD. Academic World Education and Research Center. All rights reserved.
Abstract
In the current study time perspective dimensions of Iranian students (15-25 years old) are investigated.
The data is collected by the short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), spread
between 742 college students in Iran (303 male and 437 female). In general, the mean scores of the
Iranian college students are significantly higher in "past positive".The results indicate that education is
statistiĐally sigŶifiĐaŶt iŶ past positiǀe aŶd "preseŶt fatalistiĐ". It seeŵs that the NatioŶal UŶiǀersity
Entrance Exam (aka KONKOOR) can play an important role in the college students' time perspective.
Indeed, students in lower grades ;ďefore KONKOORͿ haǀe ŵore" past positiǀe either iŶ "preseŶt
fatalistiĐ perspeĐtiǀe. OŶ top of that, there is Ŷo statistiĐally sigŶifiĐaŶt differeŶĐe ďetǁeeŶ feŵale aŶd
male in ZTPI subscales except in "past negative" in which the females mean scores are higher than male's
mean scores.
Keywords: Time Perspective, Iranian Students, ZTPI.
*ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Fateme Rahmatian, Shahid Beheshti University, Psychology Facualty, Tehran,
Iran. E-mail address: malahat.rahmatian@yahoo.com / Tel.: +98. 911-136-6305