INVASIVE SPECIES II Non-native species in reservoirs: how are we doing in Brazil? Larissa Strictar Pereira . Raquel de Almeida Ferrando Neves . Igor Christo Miyahira . Betina Kozlowsky-Suzuki . Christina Wyss Castelo Branco . Joel Campos de Paula . Luciano Neves dos Santos Received: 17 July 2017 / Revised: 17 November 2017 / Accepted: 21 November 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2017 Abstract The Brazilian Environmental Ministry (MMA) released a report in 2016 listing 163 non- native species into Brazilian inland waters. Reservoirs are among the freshwater habitats most frequently associated with the release of non-native species. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of the non-native species listed by the MMA, in large Brazilian reser- voirs (C 30 km 2 ). Further, we have tested the hypoth- esis that beta diversity of non-native species within reservoirs from the same basin is lower than those among reservoirs from distinct basins. A literature search was performed for 70 Brazilian reservoirs, resulting in the records of 91 non-native species. Reservoirs from the Parana ´ basin showed the highest number of occurrences, with 33 non-native species recorded only in the Itaipu reservoir. Beta diversity of non-native species showed higher variability among reservoirs from different basins than those within the same basin. Some basins were also distinguished by their composition of non-native species, as supported by the IndVal index. Non-native species were wide- spread along Brazilian reservoirs, and their distribu- tion can be even higher than reported. Keywords Invasive species Á Introduced species Á Indicator species Á Beta diversity Á Dam Introduction The growth of human population and the actual ease of traveling across biogeographical barriers have greatly facilitated the process of species introduction. This allows non-native species to spread in rates never seen before (Mack et al., 2000; Perrings et al., 2005), steadily increasing over 200 years (Seebens et al., 2017). The adverse consequences of such introduc- tions vary enormously (Mack et al., 2000), and non- native species can alter so deeply an ecosystem until the habitat becomes unfit to the native biota (Rocha et al., 2011). Non-native species can compete with the native ones for essential resources, alter nutrient cycling, reduce species richness and diversity of native communities, and/or exert strong predation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3446-2) con- tains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Guest editors: John E. Havel, Sidinei M. Thomaz, Lee B. Kats, Katya E. Kovalenko & Luciano N. Santos / Aquatic Invasive Species II L. S. Pereira (&) Á R. A. F. Neves Á I. C. Miyahira Á B. Kozlowsky-Suzuki Á C. W. C. Branco Á J. C. de Paula Á L. N. dos Santos Instituto de Biocie ˆncias da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (IBIO/Unirio – Rio de Janeiro, RJ), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - Urca, Rio De Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil e-mail: lari.strictar@gmail.com 123 Hydrobiologia https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3446-2