M. Ravi Kumar, Babu B. R. Prasad, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology. © 2017, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page | 1314 ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 3, Issue 6) Available online at www.ijariit.com Design of an Adaptive Sign Based Routing Protocol in VANET for Sophisticated Environments Ravi Kumar .M East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka ravibhav@gmail.com Dr. B. R. Prasad Babu R. R Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka brprasadbabu@gmail.com Abstract: With the advancement in the communication technology and an increase in the number of vehicles, the Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study. The major applications of VANETs are in highways, but in sophisticated environments such as forest area, hill stations, private museum or large park etc., where visitors across the country pass through several locations, and there doesn’t exist a proper communication among the vehicles. So in this type of locations, we need an intelligent routing strategy for the On Board Unit (OBU) to adapt and communicate with the neighbouring vehicles. In this paper, a strategy is proposed where in, the vehicles communicate with each other or with the road side units (RSU) by passing some sign bits with positive or negative polarity. A simple simulation is performed on 100 to 200 vehicles demonstrating passing of data from source to destination. Keywords: OBU, Sign, Location, Routing Protocol, Path. I. INTRODUCTION With the fast development of roads and highways, it has become convenient for people to travel to different locations across the country. Hence, with an increase in a number of vehicles brings a heavy load on the traffic system. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides many facilities to the travellers, such as safety measures, exchange of messages with other vehicles, emergency warning, etc. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a vital part of the ITS, which encapsulates sensor technology, short range communication, and information processing technology [1]. VANETs have several characteristics that make it different from Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs); such as high node mobility, predictable and restricted mobility patterns, rapid network topology change, and unlimited power supply. In VANET, vehicles are fitted with On-Board-Units (OBUs) that can communicate to other vehicles as Vehicle to Vehicle communication (V-to-V), and also with Road Side Infrastructure (RSU) units (V-to-R). Earlier MANET routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR [2]) and Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV [3]), where applied for VANET scenarios, but the result showed a high throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), when the speed and distance between the nodes are close to each other. The Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol gives higher link duration and route stability than Destination-Sequence Distance-Vector (DSDV) protocol, due to Multi-Point-Relay (MPR) mechanism that is used in OLSR. In general, when the distance and the speed between the communicating nodes are relatively high, these two protocols produce low PDR and a high number of link failures [6]. Thus, it is not suitable to make use of these protocols in VANET environment. Different kinds of routing protocols were proposed by many researchers for VANET such as proactive, reactive, hybrid , and geographic-based routing protocols[6].The proactive and reactive routing protocols are classified under the topology based routing protocol category, which aims to discover the route between the source and destination before starting the data transmission. Vehicles moving on some sophisticated areas with tough and rough roads like hill stations or forest areas are more likely to cause accidents due to many turns, curves and zigzag roads.