ISSN 1063-7842, Technical Physics, 2010, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 296–302. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010.
Original Russian Text © V.V. Poplavskii, T.S. Mishchenko, V.G. Matys, 2010, published in Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoі Fiziki, 2010, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 138–145.
296
INTRODUCTION
Ion-beam-assisted surface modification of engi-
neering and functional materials provides the intro-
duction of a controlled amount of any alloying impu-
rity into their near-surface layers on the atomic scale
under nonequilibrium conditions. Ion-beam modifica-
tion of the materials whose service properties are mainly
controlled by the surface composition is of particular
interest. These materials include catalysts for chemical
reactions, in particular, electrocatalysts, namely, elec-
trodes in electrochemical devices (electrolyzers and fuel
cells) [1].
A catalytic reaction is based on an electronic
mechanism: the electron exchange between reacting
molecules occurs through a catalyst with the partici-
pation of catalyst electrons. The properties of depos-
ited heterogeneous catalysts are controlled by the
electronic structure of active centers on the surface
that form during preparation. The active centers can
be represented by structural heterogeneities on the
surface. However, the active centers of electron
exchange are most often related to catalytic-metal
particles. Therefore, the nature of the deposited cata-
lytic metal is very important [2, 3]. The catalytic prop-
erties of the surface irradiated by an ion beam can also
be changed due to both a radiation-assisted change in
the structure of the near-surface layer and specific ion
alloying effects induced by the nature of the implanted
impurity and the target material [4].
To predict the catalytic effect and the formation of
catalysts, researchers still use empirical approaches,
which are explained by the complexity of the catalysis
problem. First, a catalytic reaction is a complex mul-
tistage process. Second, strong metal–carrier electron
interaction effects manifest themselves when a metal-
lic catalyst is prepared because of the small size of
metallic catalyst particles. As a result, a deposited cat-
alytic metal can have properties other than those of the
bulk metal [2–5]. The substrate material can also sub-
stantially affect the catalyst activity due to its effect on
the particle size and electronic structure of a deposited
catalytic metal. During ion-beam introduction of a
catalytic metal into a matrix, these effects can become
specific on a nanoscale [6].
The purpose of this work is to form coatings by ion-
beam-assisted deposition of a catalytic metal onto alu-
minum and to study their composition and electrocat-
alytic activity during the electrochemical oxidation of
methanol and ethanol.
The study of the electrocatalysts intended for the
electrochemical oxidation of methanol and ethanol is
now of great importance due to the development of
fuel cells for direct oxidation of organic fuel, which is
a promising chemical source of an electric current.
Platinum is known to be the most effective catalytic
metal accelerating chemical processes, including the
electrochemical oxidation of organic substances [7].
The cost of platinum-containing catalysts can be
decreased by a decrease in the metal content in the
active layer at high retained catalytic activity. Ion-
beam-assisted deposition of a catalytic metal can be
one of the methods for achieving this aim.
As the basis for modified electrodes, we chose alu-
minum, which belongs to film-forming valve metals
[8]. Such metals cannot serve as anodes, since the
Composition and Electrocatalytic Properties of the Coatings
Formed by the Ion-Beam-Assisted Deposition of Platinum
from a Pulsed Arc-Discharge Plasma onto Aluminum
V. V. Poplavskii, T. S. Mishchenko, and V. G. Matys
Belarussian State Technological University, Minsk, 220006 Belarus
e-mail: vasily.poplav@tut.by
Received April 27, 2009
Abstract—The structure, composition, and electrocatalytic properties of the coatings formed on aluminum
by ion-beam-assisted deposition of platinum from the plasma of a pulsed arc discharge under conditions
where deposited-metal ions are used as deposition-assisting ions are studied. The coating thickness reaches
~30 nm, and the near-surface content of platinum atoms in the coatings is ~2.6 × 10
16
cm
–2
. The electrocat-
alytic activities of aluminum-based electrodes with the coatings in the reactions of electrochemical oxidation
of methanol and ethanol, which form the basis for the principle of operation of low-temperature fuel cells
(considered as promising chemical sources of an electric current), are significantly higher than the activity of
a platinum electrode.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063784210020222
SURFACE,
ELECTRON AND ION EMISSION