Jain Ruchir, Srivastava Shipra, Bisen Suresh, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in
Technology.
© 2017, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page | 1010
ISSN: 2454-132X
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(Volume 3, Issue 6)
Available online at www.ijariit.com
Lipid, Liver Related and other Clinical Parameters affect
Study of Cigarette Smoking Patient
Dr. Ruchir Jain
Associate Professor
Rajeev Gandhi College, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh
jainruchir26@yahoo.in
Ms. Shipra Srivastava
Lecture
Rajeev Gandhi College, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh
shipra2853@gmail.com
Suresh Bisen
Student
Rajeev Gandhi College, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh
sureshbisen129@gmail.com
Abstract: Background and objective: Cigarette smoking is one of the 10 greatest contributors to global death and disease.
Cigarette smoke consists of many chemicals, including cytotoxic, carcinogenic and free radicals, therefore it affects many
organs if not all. This work is directed to evaluate the effects of dose response patterns of tobacco exposure on liver tissue,
through assessing some serum biochemical parameters related to liver efficiency.
Methods: This study was done in Kirkuk province. It was conducted on (75) healthy male subjects, their ages ranged from
20 to 40 years. They were divided into three groups; 25 heavy smokers, 25 moderate smokers, and 25 non-smokers. Blood
was withdrawn for estimation of serum liver function test, lipid profile, and protein electrophoresis.
Results: There were statistically significant elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (SGPT)
and aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) activities in heavy smokers while serum total bilirubin significantly was lower
compared to nonsmokers. Serum total protein and albumin were significantly lower in heavy smokers comparing to non-
smokers. The results of serum protein arose gel-electrophoresis showed significant changes in serum protein fractions in
smoker groups. The mean level of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL was significantly higher in heavy
smoker group, while serum HDL level had a significantly lower value.
Conclusion: Cigarette smoking can affect liver efficiency and functions. These effects are dose exposure dependent.
Keywords: Cigarette Smoking, Liver Function Test, Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile.
INTRODUCTION
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality
1
. Worldwide, more than 3 million people currently
die each year from cigarette smoking
2
. The risk of death in the smokers measured by the number of cigarettes smoked daily,
the duration of smoking, the degree of inhalation and the age of initiation
3, 4
. Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 different
chemicals, 400 of which are proven to be carcinogenic; it also contains various oxidants such as oxygen free radicals and
volatile aldehydes which are probably the major causes of damage to biomolecules
5
. Cigarette smoking yields chemical
substances with high cytotoxic potentials
6
. Cigarette smoke consists of many chemicals, including nicotine, tar with its many
carcinogens, and gaseous compounds including carbon monoxide
7
.
Cigarette smoke also contains large numbers of free radicals that are capable of initiating or promoting oxidative injury
8
.
Cigarette smokers are at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, cancers, peptic ulcers and gastro
esophageal reflux disease, blind-ness, bone matrix loss, and hepatotoxicity comparing with non-smokers
9
. Cigarette smoking
causes a variety of adverse effects on organs that have no direct contact with the smoke itself such as the liver.