http://www.iaeme.com/IJCET/index.asp 54 editor@iaeme.com International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET) Volume 8, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2017, pp. 54–66, Article ID: IJCET_08_05_007 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijcet/issues.asp?JType=IJCET&VType=8&IType=5 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 9.3590(Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6367 and ISSN Online: 0976–6375 © IAEME Publication A REVIEW ON BIOCOMPUTING APPROACHES AND TOOLS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS Neelofar Sohi Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India Amardeep Singh Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India ABSTRACT Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common source of genetic variations. There has been enormous research in the area of Biocomputing and Bioinformatics on identification and analysis of SNPs. A large number of methods have been developed for their identification ever since the importance of SNPs in understanding of diseases emerged with the completion of Human Genome Project. This paper reviews Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, their importance, their association to diseases, Biocomputing approaches and tools available for their identification up to 2017. Key word: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs, Biocomputing, Genetic Variations, SNP identification. Cite this Article: Neelofar Sohi and Amardeep Singh, A Review on Biocomputing Approaches and Tools for Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 54–66. http://www.iaeme.com/ijcet/issues.asp?JType=IJCET&VType=8&IType=5 1. INTRODUCTION There occurred a major breakthrough in the history of genetics with completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP). HGP, the world’s largest international collaborative research project was founded in 1990 by the US Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health (NIH), which aimed at complete human genome sequencing. The project completed in 2003, sequencing the human genome’s 3.3 billion base pairs and revealed that there are about 20, 500 human genes. The valuable information furnished by HGP opened new avenues for understanding of diseases, genetic basis and genetic variants responsible for the diseases. This understanding of connection between sequence variations and phenotype can lead to better diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases [1]. The sequence analyses show that 99% of