Urban Agriculture Urban Agriculture includes production (beyond that which is strictly for home consumption or educational purposes) distribution and marketing of food and other products within the cores of metropolitan areas and at their edges. Examples include community, school, backyard, and rooftop gardens with a purpose extending beyond home consumption and education, innovative food- production methods that maximize production in a small area, farms supplying urban farmers mar- kets, community supported agriculture, and family farms located in metropolitan greenbelts (American Planning Association, 2011). Urban agriculture is farming or gardening that occurs within an urban setting. Due to space limitations, urban agriculture can be very creative, such as rooftop intensive gardening in raised beds, or vertical gardening in the small spaces between buildings. There are many different challenges unique to urban agriculture that is not an issue with conventional, rural agriculture. Space is the primary one, along with pollutants unique to the city, and the limited amount of natural lighting. Peri-Urban Agriculture Peri-urban areas are the dynamic interface between cities and rural areas. These regions usually comprise a mix of urban and rural uses, such as residential dwellings (often on large ‘rural lifestyle’ blocks), small-to-medium-scale agriculture such as horticulture, and semi-rural uses such as the horse industry, as well as the occasional town centre, often concentrated around a transport hub. Peri-urban regions tend to share many characteristics with urban regions; however they serve distinct functions that support the urban area to which they are adjacent. Innovation and opportunities often arise at the fringe or intersection of systems and the same is true of peri-urban regions. As the interface between urban and rural, they present us with opportunities to capitalize on the unique features of those two land types – for example, recycling a city’s food and green waste for use as a quality compost in agriculture. Introduction The rapid urbanization that is taking place goes together with a rapid increase in urban poverty and urban food insecurity. By 2020 the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America will be home to some 75% of all urban dwellers, and to eight of the anticipated nine mega-cities with populations in excess of 20 million. It is expected that by 2020, 85% of the poor in Latin America, and about 40-45% of the poor in Africa and Asia will be concentrated in towns and cities. Most cities in developing countries have great difficulties to cope with this development and are unable to create sufficient formal employment opportunities for the poor. They also have increasing