“Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy Scientific Bulletin, Volume XXI – 2017 – Issue 2
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114
DOI: 10.21279/1454-864X-17-I2-022
© 2015. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License.
STUDY REGARDING THE USAGE OF ZUKERMAN-KUHLMAN QUESTIONNAIRE IN
ANALYSING STUDENT SOCIALIZATION
Marcel POMOHACI
1
Sabin SOPA
2
1
Associate Professor PhD, “Lucian Blaga” University, Department of Environmental Science, Physics,
Physical Education and Sport, Ion Ratiu Street, No. 5-7, Sibiu, Romania
2
PhD Student, National University of Physical Education and Sport, Constantin Noica Street, No. 140, Sector
6, Bucharest, Romania sopa_sabin@yahoo.com
Abstract: Motor activities must be part of the global education of each student, through such activities the
student manage to maintain muscle tonus and an optimal level of health, improving communication and
social relationships, and positively changing their personality.
This paper aims to highlight the beneficial effects of motor activities on the personality of the students. So
we started from the assumption that motor activities have effects on personality sphere on five levels:
sociability and social integration, anxiety, sensation seeking, the level of aggression and activity level. We
formed two samples of students (N = 25), the experimental group, with 12 girls and 13 boys, and the control
group, 11 girls and 14 boys, both groups having children aged between 9 and 10 years. At the control group,
we followed the curriculum and at the experimental group we used a training program that included with
priority playful and agonistic means with dynamic games, stage races, games and sports competitions.
After applying the programs differentiated on the two groups we found using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman
personality questionnaire, that students from the experimental group had a better level of sociability and
social integration, low levels of anxiety, and that they are not so attracted of the new experiences, have a low
level of aggressiveness and increased activity levels compared to the control group.
Keywords: motor activities, personality, socialization, social integration;
Introduction
Sport and physical education and sport can be
considered very important tools of socialization and
therefore any state bears a great responsibility to
promote and develop those [1]. Another important
contribution of the motor activities is their
socializing role, demonstrated by many
researchers from different fields saying that these
activities represent the perfect framework in the
social development process of young people [2].
Socialization through sport is a process of
social integration through communication,
understanding, and cooperation, with an interactive
role for conflict resolution. Therefore, is structured
on cognitive constructions, affective, and
motivational as well as on representations,
behaviors and performance of sports groups [3].
Also, sporting activities develop communication,
intergroup relationships, and group cohesion.
Motor activities can develop group cohesion
positive intergroup relationships development, the
discovery of group leader and most importantly
integrate and reintegrate children into the social
group. Group cohesion is very important in the
evolution of school performance as a group,
therefore in collectives where we have sympathy
and positive relationships, work efficiency is high
[4].
Motor activity is a component of active life, an
"important link of lifestyle that generates the
motion, according to their own options, several
times a week, move that would make pleasure to
consume energy and produce satisfaction" [5].
Related to physical education and its effects on
group cohesion experts say the following: "Physical
education can also improve the cohesion of groups
having a good cohesion of the group is considered
important and may lead to better performance. The
relationship between cohesion and performance
has been studied by many specialists, the majority
concluded that "the connection between
performance and group cohesion is mutual" [6].
Groups or successful teams are built around
strong leaders and the importance of this role is
growing in the nowadays sport in all categories [7].
Situational factors are important for the cohesion
like leaving close to each other, sharing the same
hobbies and activities, the same uniforms or
clothing, group rituals etc. [8].
Lot ofaptitudesare taught by young people with the
help of team sports, one of them iseven the
competition. Nowadays we encounter competition
every day and in every field. As adults we
encounter competition when we look for a job or
trying to find better jobs, at school children
encounter competition for notes [9].
Shown like a social institution, sports activity has a
good basis in society, has regulations, specific
laws, ways of sanctioning, binding friendships