Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ 47 ɧɨ-ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ). ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɿɫɧɭє ɣ ɬɚɤɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ, ɳɨ «ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɿɬɢɦɚɰɿʀ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɯ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɞɨɫɬɚɬ- ɧɶɨ ʀɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɢɯ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɟɡ ɝɥɢɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɧɢ- ɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɭ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɡɦɿɫɬ» ɿ ɳɨ «ɠɨɞɟɧ ɡ ɜɿɞɨɦɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɧɟ ɡɞɚɬɟɧ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɿɣ ɦɿɪɿ ɨɛґɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɫɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɨɪɿєɧɬɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɥɟɝɿɬɢɦɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɳɨ є «ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɿɫɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɩɨ- ɦɢɥɤɨɸ». Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɢ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɫɦɢɫɥɨɜɿ ɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ є ɫɚɦɨɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ- ɫɬɹɦɢ, ɚɩɪɿɨɪɧɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɭɦɭ ɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɸɬɶ ɿɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɸ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɭɸɱɨɸ ɫɢɥɨɸ ɳɨɞɨ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ» [3, ɫ. 160-161]. ɉɪɨɬɟ, ɦɚɛɭɬɶ, ɫɥɿɞ ɜɢɡɧɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɠɨɞɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɪɨ- ɞɠɭєɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ. Ȼɿɥɶɲɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɭɫɿ ɱɚɫɢ ɛɭɥɚ «ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɸ ɰɿɧɧɿɫɬɸ», ɚ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ є ɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɢɦ ɬɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɦɿɧɥɢɜɢɦ, ɳɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɳɟ ɡ ɦɟɧɲɨɸ ɣɦɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɸ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɛ ɜɿɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ «ɫɚɦɨɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɢɯ ɿɫɬɢɧ». Ɍɨɦɭ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɧɢɦ є ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɨ ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɦɢɫɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɤɨɬɪɿ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ, ɥɟɝɿɬɢɦɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɣɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɳɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɤɨɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɨɧɭє ɡ ɪɟɚɥɿɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɬɬɹ. ɋɩиɫɨɤ виɤɨɪиɫɬɚɧɨʀ ɥɿɬеɪɚɬɭɪи: 1. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ ɋ.ɋ. ɉɪɚɜɨ: ɨɩɵɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɇ., 1999. 2. ȿɪɥɿɯ Є. ɋɨɰɿɨɥɨɝɿɹ ɿ ɸɪɢɫɩɪɭɞɟɧɰɿɹ // ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɚ. – 2005. – Ɍ. ІІІ. – № 1-2. – ɋ. 185-193. 3. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜ ɋ.ɂ. ɉɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɨɩɵɬ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ. – ɏ., 2002. 4. Ɋɚɛɿɧɨɜɢɱ ɉ.Ɇ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɟɨɪɿʀ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ. – Ʌɶɜɿɜ, 2008. 5. Habermas J. Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. – Cambridge, 1996. 6. Kaufmann A. Rechtsphilosophie. – 2 Aufl. – Mȕnchen, 1997. 7. Van Hoecke M. Law as Communication. – Oxford, 2002. ɇɚɞɿɣɲɥɚ ɞɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿʀ 23.08.2010 ɌЄɅЬɄȱɇЄɇȺ Ɍ.ȿ., ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ (Ⱦɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɍɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ) ɍȾɄ 340 : 93/94 : 316.44 ɋɌȺȻȱɅЬɇɂɃ ɋȿɊȿȾɇȱɃ ɄɅȺɋ – ɋɌȺȻȱɅЬɇȺ ȾȿɊɀȺȼȺ: ȱɋɌɈɊɂɑɇȱ, ɋɈɐȱȺɅЬɇȱ, ɉɊȺȼɈȼȱ ȺɋɉȿɄɌɂ ɇɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ Ɍɪɟɬɶɨʀ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɫɟ- ɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɭ ɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ. Ключові слова: ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɤɥɚɫ, ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɬɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɤɥɚɫ, ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɿɫ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ключевые слова: ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ- ɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɨɬɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫ. We determined the place of average class in the state and law life on the example of the Third republic in France and independent Ukraine. Keywords: middle class, social compromise, stabilization of social relations, social struc- ture of society, proto middle class. ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɿɞɚɰɿʀ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨʀ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɭ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɰɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɭ, ɣɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɝɚɥɭɡɹɯ ɠɢɬɬɹ. ɓɟ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɶ ɜɜɚɠɚɜ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɟ «ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧ». ɇɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɭɦɤɭ, ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɹɤɟ ɮɨɪɦɭєɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɡ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɭ, ɦɚɬɢɦɟ ɿ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɿɣ, ɚ ʀʀ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿɣ ɛɟɡɩɟɰɿ. ɇɚ ɠɚɥɶ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɳɟ ɞɚɥɟɤɚ ɜɿɞ ɿɞɟɚɥɭ ɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ [1; 2; 4],