Case Report Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera: Oestridae) Induced Nasal Myiasis in a Dog from Northern Italy Sergio A. Zanzani, 1 Luigi Cozzi, 1 Emanuela Olivieri, 2 Alessia L. Gazzonis, 1 and Maria Teresa Manfredi 1 1 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universit` a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universit` a degli Studi di Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Sergio A. Zanzani; sergio.zanzani@unimi.it Received 30 April 2016; Accepted 4 July 2016 Academic Editor: Sheila C. Rahal Copyright © 2016 Sergio A. Zanzani et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A companion dog from Milan province (northern Italy), presenting with frequent and violent sneezing, underwent rhinoscopy, laryngoscopy, and tracheoscopy procedures. During rhinoscopy, a dipteran larva was isolated from the dog and identiied as irst instar larval stage of O. ovis by morphological features. Reports of O. ovis in domestic carnivores are sporadic and nevertheless this infestion should be considered as a possible diferential diagnosis of rhinitis in domestic carnivores living in contaminated areas by the ly as consequence of the presence of sheep and goats. his report described a case of autochthonous infestion in a dog from an area where O. ovis was not historically present but it could be afected by a possible expansion of the ly as a consequence of climate change. his is the irst record of Oestrus ovis infestion in a dog in Italy and, at the same time, the most northerly inding of larvae of sheep bot ly in the country. 1. Introduction Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera: Oestridae), a sheep nasal bot ly, afects sheep and goats worldwide and, particularly, in areas where adult lies can be active all the year round thanks to favourable climatic conditions [1]. In central and southern Italy prevalence of infestion in sheep is high: 55.8%, 72.8%, and 91% of infected sheep were observed during necropsies in Sicily [2], Tuscany [3], and Sardinia [4], respectively. Zoonotic infestions sustained by O. ovis are numerous and difused all over the world. In Italy, O. ovis infestions in humans were irst described in Sicily in the 19th century [5] and several infestions have been reported even in more recent years, mostly in southern rural areas [6]. Sporadic descriptions of zoonotic infestions by O. ovis are reported also in central [7] and northern Italy [8, 9] as well as in an urban area [10]. O. ovis infestions in ovine and humans in the most northerly parts of Italy are reported below 45 degrees north latitude: in Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, and northern Tuscany. Reports of O. ovis infestions in domestic carnivores are sporadic [11–16] and have not been yet described in Italy. he aim of the present study is to describe an autochthonous case of O. ovis infestion in a companion dog bred in northern Italy. 2. Case Presentation In July 2015, an 8-month-old female of Stafordshire Bull Terrier, housed in Milan province (northern Italy) and pur- chased from an Italian dog breeder, was taken to a veterinary clinic on account of her frequent and violent sneezing that lasts for two days. During anamnestic data collection, the owner reported that sneezing occurred ater the dog had been taken for a walk in a rural area close to his house. At clinical examination the bitch also presented stertorous and reversal sneezing. Anamnesis, dog breed, and symptoms made clin- icians suspect a nasal foreign body and/or a brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS). No antimicrobial or anti-inlammatory therapies were being administered to the dog. he bitch was then anesthetized for laryngoscopy, tra- cheoscopy, and anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Laryngeal Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine Volume 2016, Article ID 5205416, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5205416