a SciTechnol journal Short Communication
Hamadeh, J Clin Nutr Metab 2017, 1:2
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Journal of Clinical
Nutrition and Metabolism
International Publisher of Science,
Technology and Medicine
Healthy Lifestyles in the Arab
World: between Nutrition
Economics and Food Politics
Sima Hamadeh*
*Corresponding author: Sima Hamadeh, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public
Health Nutrition, Program Coordinator of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences,
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haigazian University, Mexique street, Kantari, PO
Box: 11-1748, Riad El Solh 1107 2090, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel: +9611-353010/1/2;
E-mail: sima.hamadeh@haigazian.edu.lb
Received: September 09, 2017 Accepted: September 18, 2017 Published:
September 25, 2017
strategic decisions are driven by economics, but not science and
certainly not health [14]. herefore, nutrition economics discipline is
crucial to increase the understanding of nutrition’s impact on disease
prevention [15-16] and to generate relevant evidence for nutrition
policies [17]. he nutrition economic analysis is used to evaluate
if and how much healthy lifestyle choices will vary with 3 primary
economic variables: income, food prices, and information about
nutrition and health [15]. Although nutrition economics can identify
some determinants of lifestyle choices there is a need to add more
realism into economic perspective by incorporating the sociological,
psychological, physiological and behavioral aspects of dietary and
physical activity patterns [15,18]. Such a comprehensive sociocultural
approach reveals a broader range of policy options to increase the
likelihood of healthier nations, and helps nutritionists, economists
and policymakers better understand food choices [18].
Discussion
his short communication highlights the need to study more
intensively everyday health situation of the Arab countries. Reliable
and valid longitudinal data are essential for planning population-
based public health programs [3,19]. As such, several areas could
be identiied where improvements in coordination and cooperation
between diferent sectors in the Arab countries will produce national
datasets permitting the analysis of the magnitude and trends in
occurrence in speciic diseases. he establishment and sustainability
of several public health initiatives and policies in the Arab world
should be monitored and resourced adequately [3,18].
Moreover, research funding should be directed toward
investigating the association between unhealthy lifestyles and chronic
diseases that are prevalent among Arabic populations especially in
the gulf region [1]. Community- and school- based intervention
programs and policies focusing on increasing physical activity,
improving dietary patterns and reducing tobacco consumption are
urgently required to slow the trajectory of the estimated mortality
rates due to chronic diseases particularly in the young population
[3,18]. he literature suggests a speciic gender-based [1,12,13]
and geo-demographical based [18] consideration when making
recommendations to promote healthy lifestyle patterns. his means
that intervention and motivation programs should be customized to
suit the needs of the individual, with gender as a primary consideration
[1,13].
In some Arab countries, there are already developments by
universities and, national and international health organizations
to facilitate and improve the training of clinical and public health
specialists to raise the awareness of chronic diseases [11,20]. However,
there is a shortage of trained health communicators and journalists,
which hamper eforts for improving the holistic health status of the
Arabic populations [3,18].
Legislations and standards for compliance to public health
measures and nutrition national guidelines should be developed,
reviewed and revised periodically [3]. Indeed, legislations should
focus primarily on schools’ environments, food industry and
telecommunication industry simultaneously [14,18].
Governments, communities namely food industry and civil bodies
Introduction
he Arab Countries have witnessed signiicant lifestyle changes
due to globalization, rapid urbanization, availability of high- fat
and dense-caloric foods, satellite TV, introduction of laborsaving
devices at home and the workplace, reliance on modern means
of transportation, increased dependence on computer and
telecommunication technology, and decreased occupational-work
demands [1,2]. hese lifestyle changes have had a considerable
impact on alteration in traditional diets, reducing the physical
requirements of daily life and have encouraged sedentary lifestyles
amongst youth and adults [1,3,4]. Consequently, such remarkable
lifestyle transformation is thought to be greatly responsible for the
nutrition transition and the epidemic of chronic diseases in the
whole Arabic region [5-7]. Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary
patterns are considered among the leading causes of metabolic
risk and major non-communicable diseases, including obesity,
cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer,
thus contributing substantially to the burden of disease, death, and
disability in the Arab countries [1,4,8].
Speciically, the rapid increase in wealth of oil rich countries
of the Arabian Gulf has been associated with demographic and
epidemiological transitions [9], and rapid increases in the prevalence
of chronic diseases which, are occurring at far greater speed and at
early stages of economic and social development than in westernized
countries [3,10]. Simultaneously, westernization through mass and
social media exposure that equates thinness with attractiveness and
social acceptance [11] had led to disordered eating behavior in some
population segments, particularly in young women [10,12].
It is widely reported that regular physical activity reduces the
risk of a number of medical conditions, and contributes to personal
wellbeing. Overall, there is suicient evidence in the literature to show
that level of physical activity among societies is inluenced by beliefs,
psychosocial status and self-eicacy. Signiicant increase in the level
of sedentary lifestyles, especially among Arabic women, demonstrates
a growing need to understand how social restraints imposed upon
women afect their health and their response to health promotion
programs [13].
When it comes to the mass production and consumption of food,