A Navigation and Control Platform for Real-Time Manoeuvring of Autonomous
Ship Models
L. P. Perera *, L. Moreira*, F. P. Santos*, V. Ferrari*, S. Sutulo* and C. Guedes Soares *
*Centre for Marine Technology and Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av,
Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal;
e-mail: {prasad.perera, lucia, fernando.santos, victor.ferrari, sutulo, guedess}@mar.ist.utl.pt
Abstract: The development of a control and navigation platform for an autonomous surface vessel
(ASV) being a scaled self-propelled model of a real ship is presented in this paper. The overall system is
described under the hardware structure and the software architecture. The system hardware structure is
further divided into the command and monitoring unit (CMU) and the communication and control unit
(CCU). The ashore based CMU is used to control the ASV through a wireless Ethernet communication;
the ASV mainly consists of the on-board CCU. The system software architecture mainly consists of
several software loops for collecting the sensor data and controlling the rudder and propeller actuations.
Furthermore, a touch panel as the human machine interface (HMI) is used for autonomous and manual
control of the ASV has been implemented. Finally, the future experimental implementations of the ASV
are discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Autonomous surface vessel, self-propelled model, real-time navigation platform, vessel
manoeuvring, intelligent guidance and marine robotics.
1 INTRODUCTION
Due to substantial progress in computer technologies and
control engineering, autonomous and remotely controlled
vehicles are becoming more common. In general, such
vehicles can be subdivided into remotely controlled and
autonomous although the latter often can also be controlled
remotely by a human operator. These vehicles are designed
for different missions like search and rescue, mine hunting
operations, harbour and shoreline surveillance,
reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, among others.
The present contribution is, however, dealing with a special
application of an autonomous surface vessel (ASV), which
aims at performing a series of manoeuvring tests in an
autonomous way.
The knowledge of the manoeuvring characteristics of a ship
allows time simulations of its path as a function of its control
settings (Sutulo et al., 2002). However, at the present stage of
development of ship hydrodynamics, creation of adequate
mathematical models for ship manoeuvring simulation is still
impossible without recourse to experimental data although
lately Computational Fluid Dynamics started to represent a
certain alternative.
The strict requirements that have been imposed by IMO
(1993,1994, 2002), which require all ships to have results of
their manoeuvring tests on board, imply that the need to
perform manoeuvring tests will increase in the future and
thus efficient and cost effective ways of doing them are
required. Full-scale trials with ships (e.g. Guedes Soares et
al., 1999, 2004) are done as confirmation of the existing
capabilities or they can be done for ships that do not have the
required model test results.
Most of the experimental studies aim at the determination of
hydrodynamic forces and moments after captive-model tests
which can be effectively performed on two kinds of
experimental facilities: circulating tanks and planar-motion
mechanisms (Brix 1993). The latter have finally evolved into
Computerized Planar Motion Carriages (CPMC). Both kinds
of facilities are expensive and there are relatively few in the
world. An alternative is to test remote controlled scaled
models equipped with appropriate rudders and propulsion
plants (Luo and Zhang, 2007, Philips et al., 2009, Moreira,
and Guedes Soares, 2011). These experiments are cheaper
and can provide results of quality when carried out in
appropriate calm basins.
In order to be useful, such models for self-running tests must
be appropriately instrumented to provide high-quality records
of kinematic parameters measured during special test
manoeuvres. The thus recorded data can be used for system
identification procedures. A review on the application of
identification methods to ship manoeuvring can be found in
(Sutulo and Guedes Soares, 2011). Although in principle all
manoeuvres can be remote controlled manually, this is highly
inconvenient in certain cases, like the zigzag manoeuvre
which is especially important for identification purposes.
Hence, a good self-running model for manoeuvring tests must
be able to manoeuvre in autonomous mode and this was the
motivation for the present work. This paper describes such a
model (called here ASV) with focus on the instrumentation
including the control and navigation equipment installed on
the model.
9th IFAC Conference on Manoeuvring and Control of Marine Craft, 2012
The International Federation of Automatic Control
September 19-21, 2012. Arenzano, Italy
©2012 IFAC 10.3182/20120919-3-IT-2046.00079 465