2018 Wınter 247 By Dov Waxman Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2016, 328 pages, $19.28, ISBN: 9780691168999 Reviewed by Fatih Şemsettin Işık, İstanbul Şehir University here is no doubt that Zionism is a heavily-loaded concept involving ierce debates over Jewish identity, as well as the impacts it has made on the course of events in world history, particularly the State of Is- rael and the Palestinian conlict. Al- though it is a relatively new aspect of the issue, the strong ties between the United States and Israel is given a central position here, considering the efective inlu- ence of the Jewish community on the Ameri- can political scene. his inluence has even caused people living outside of the U.S. to think that American Jewry–except for some marginal individuals and groups–monolithi- cally supports Israel at any cost and even di- rects American foreign policy in line with Is- rael’s interests. Dov Waxman’s book, Trouble in the Tribe: he American Jewish Conlict over Israel, is a work that extensively tackles this debate. Waxman’s arguments are diligently presented, and the necessary details regarding the topic are ex- plained for those without any prior knowl- edge of this issue. As a signiicant challenge to the perceived monolithic support of the American Jewish community to Israel, Wax- man claims that a historic change is taking place in American Jewry’s relationship with Israel, in which unquestioned support for Is- rael with a pre-accepted consensus is over and ‘Israel is fast becoming a source of division rather than unity’ (p. 3). Waxman predictably applies a sociological perspective on the discussion rather than main- taining a focus on the international relations aspect of the topic. Under the spotlight of his main ar- gument, the author goes into detail about how the American Jewish re- lationship with Israel has evolved throughout history in the irst chapter, “he Changing American Jewish Relationship with Israel.” In the following chapter, “he End of ‘Israel, Right or Wrong,’” he analyzes how this aforementioned change was engendered. He maps out the divergence of thoughts on this issue in chapter, “he Argument about Israel.” He speciically focuses on American Jewish public opinion about the Palestinian conlict in the chapter “he Erosion of Consensus,” while the chapter entitled, “he Fracturing of the Pro-Israel Lobby” describes the pro-Israel lobby issue as a hot potato topic. Discussing the current situation of the American Jewish establishment in “he Challenge to the Jew- ish Establishment,” and the gradually eroding cohesion of the Jewish community in, “he Polarization of American Jewry,” the author concludes his work by emphasizing the im- plications he draws from his study for U.S. policy-makers, the Israeli government, and the Jewish community. As the greatest success of the book, it can be said that the author seems truly convinc- ing about his main argument. Against some Trouble in the Tribe: The American Jewish Conflict over Israel