7 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The contents of this chapter are literature and studies that have been evaluated by the researcher. Their purpose is to give a clear background and understanding in the conception of this study. Harana Harana is a traditional form of Ligawan (courtship) in the Philippines where a man serenades a woman by singing underneath her window at night. Although this is universal, it was widely practiced in old Philippines with a set or protocols, a code of conduct, and a specific style of music. This is basically a Spanish influence. The man is usually accompanied by his close friends who provide moral support for the guy in addition to singing with him. For a Harana to be successful one of the following or both must happen: 1) The lady invites the man and his company inside for refreshments. 2) The lady joins in the singing. The practice of harana has died but it is a tradition that shows the beauty of Philippines at a time that was so simple. So, my suggestion to you guys out there that want to do something special for that special lady on Valentine’s Day, think about doing a harana. It will definitely save you some money and show that special girl your love for her through song. That’s something priceless and from the heart. http://www.filamako.com/2010/02/03/harana-courtship-filipino-style/ According to F. Aguilar (2012), harana is the vanished tradition of serenading prevalent in old Philippines. While most Filipinos are still familiar with this custom, it is mostly that – only a passing familiarity exists. He said that Filipinos can hardly be blamed because there truly was no in-depth study ever done of this once-important part of