Amir Ullah Khan and Zafar Nawaz Jaspal 122 Health Security Governance and Zoonotic Diseases in Pakistan: The International Health Regulations (2005) Angle Dr Amir Ullah Khan * and Dr Zafar Nawaz Jaspal ** Abstract International Health Regulations (IHRs 2005) is an important initiative against the spread of zoonotic diseases. It obliges all Member States to legislate and execute laws for ensuring the health security of their citizens. Pakistan is a signatory and has framed rules and laws to protect its citizens against such diseases but it has a long way to go in terms of execution, capacity and implementation. This article reviews the IHRs (2005) and how certain provinces of Pakistan are more vulnerable (like Khyber Pahktunkhwa) than others against the perilous spread of infectious diseases. Key words: Swine Flu, Congo Virus, Health Security, Governance, International Health Regulations, Pakistan, Afghanistan. Introduction oonotic diseases, 1 such as Congo, Swine Flu, Bird Flu, and Ebola, have been spreading all over the world at an alarming pace. The international community is not only sensitive to the increasing threat they pose, but is also endeavouring to prevent and cure them. Various codes of conduct have been constituted for this purpose. International Health Regulations (IHRs) (2005) is an important initiative against the spread of zoonotic diseases. It obliges all member states to legislate and execute national laws for ensuring the health security of their citizens. * The author is Assistant Professor and Research Coordinator at the Department of Political Science, Islamia College in Peshawar, Pakistan. ** The author is Associate Professor at the School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. 1 Zoonosis or Zoonotic diseases are viral diseases transmitted from infected animals to human beings. Quoted in Amir Ullah Khan, ―Biosecurity Puzzles and Prospects: Case Study of District Peshawar and District Bannu,‖ (PhD diss., School of Politics & International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 2017), 194. Z IPRI Journal XVII, No.1 (Winter 2017): 122-145