ISSN 0001-4370, Oceanology, 2014, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 688–694. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2014.
Original Russian Text © B.N. Filyushkin, M.A. Sokolovskiy, N.G. Kozhelupova, I.M. Vagina, 2014, published in Okeanologiya, 2014, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 737–743.
688
Intrathermocline anticyclonic eddies (lenses) are
regularly observed at mid-latitudes in the northeastern
Atlantic ocean at intermediate depths of 500–1500 m
[1, 6, 12]. They are shaped as elliptic structures with
horizontal axes from 40 to 100 km and the vertical
ones from 0.4 to 0.9 km and filled with warm and salty
Mediterranean waters. The difference of the water
characteristics in the lens core and the surrounding
waters varies from 1 to 4°C in temperature and from
0.3 to 1.0 PSU in salinity depending on the distance of
the lens from the region of its formation. The lifetime
of such eddies ranges from 3 to 7 years. Roughly 150–
200 eddies may simultaneously occur in this part of the
ocean [3, 9].
These lenses are usually detected due to hydrologi-
cal area surveys, in vertical sections, and in course of
analysis of the profilograph observational data obtained
during the Argo Global Oceanographic Project (the
name goes back to the legendary ship of the Argonauts
in Greek mythology). During the process of these
eddies’ interaction with the ambient water, they can
transmit their dynamical signal to the surface of the
ocean [1, 4, 8]. These vortices are identifiable in altim-
etric satellite images of the ocean surface level [4, 8], as
well as from anomalies of SST [14, 15].
Thus, the satellite observations allow to obtaining
the evolution pattern both of the surface eddies and
the processes of merging and separation of intrather-
mocline lenses and their interaction with different fea-
tures of the bottom relief. Unfortunately, as yet, the
correlation of eddy positions obtained from satellite
observations and hydrological measurements is insuf-
ficiently reliable.
For these reasons, it is expedient to use neutral
buoyancy floats (NBF) for long-term observations of
the eddy travels in the ocean by deploying the NBFs
into the lens bodies. A large-scale experiment was ful-
filled in 1984–1986 when the displacements of three
lenses were monitored for two years by acoustic NBFs
[6, 12]. These lenses measured about 100 km in diam-
eter and roughly 800 m in thickness, and their cores
were located at a depth of about 1100 m.
In the present study we examine some theoretical
aspects of the lens observations by applying the both
methods.
We use the three-layer quasi-geostrophic model [2,
3], where the lenses are understood as the middle layer
eddy patches, while the NBFs are related to the cen-
ters of passive small initially circular domains of fluid
belonging either to the lens or to its vicinity. The model
parameters are: the average ocean depth being of H =
4000 m, the upper, middle, and lower layers are consid-
ered to be H
1
= 600 m, H
2
= 1000 m, and H
3
= 2400 m
thick (for the dimensionless layer thicknesses, we have
h
1
= 0.15, h
2
= 0.25, and h
3
= 0.6), while the first and
the second radii of deformation are Rd
1
= 32 km and
Rd
2
= 15 km. These values are characteristic of the
northeastern Atlantic. Under such conditions, the
middle layer occupies the depths from 600 to 1600 m.
We take Rd
1
as the horizontal length scale.
Lagrangian Methods for Observation of Intrathermocline Eddies
in Ocean
B. N. Filyushkin
a
, M. A. Sokolovskiy
b
, N. G. Kozhelupova
a
, and I. M. Vagina
c
a
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: borfil@ioran.ru; nk@ioran.ru
b
Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: sokol@aqua.laser.ru
c
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: iravag@rambler.ru
Received April 8, 2014
Abstract—Intrathermocline anticyclonic eddies (lenses) of Mediterranean origin are regularly observed in
the Eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. These eddies are identified both from satellites as altimetry and sea-
surface temperature (SST) changes and according to data of neutral buoyancy floats (NBF) placed in the
body of a lens. In this paper, in the framework of a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model, using the contour
dynamics method, we consider some theoretical aspects of lens movement observations made by acoustic
NBF and freely drifting buoys of the Argo project. Direct experimental observation data on the lenses' drift in
the North Atlantic qualitatively confirmed the results of our numerical experiments. In particular, it is shown
that the spin of the lens has an advective influence on the behavior of NBF at distances of several lens radii.
DOI: 10.1134/S0001437014050051
MARINE PHYSICS