On the Jewish Street/На Евɪеɣɫɤоɣ Уɥɢце, 1 (2011), 37-112. OLGA BERTELSEN (Nottingham, UK) NEW ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTATION ON SOVIET JEWISH POLICY IN INTERWAR UKRAINE. PART ONE: GPU REPRESSION OF ZIONIST PARTIES AND GROUPS IN THE 1920S The great Jewish historian Salo Baron described interwar Soviet Ukraine as “a major battleground for ideologies and rivaling national- isms.” 1 In the past few years, political dynamics in Ukraine, and the con- comitant democratization of Ukrainian archival procedures, particularly in the State Security Archives in Kiev (GDA SBU, the former KGB ar- chives), have allowed historians to explore previously hidden dimensions of nationality policy during the formative years of Soviet power. This two-part publication presents documents from the GDA SBU archives that shed new light on Soviet Jewish policy in the interwar period in the Ukrainian SSR (which included the western part of contemporary Ukraine and some Belorussian territories). They illustrate the methods of surveillance and repression directed against Zionist organizations, Jewish clerics, and Jewish activists more generally by the agencies of the Soviet security agencies, the State Political Administration of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (GPU-NKVD). Part One presents GPU- NKVD documents from the 1920s; Part Two focuses on the years 1937- 1940. This collection contains documents from the Galusevyi derzhavnyi arhiv Sluzhby Bespeky Ukraiiny (GDA SBU), the Departmental State Ar- chive of the Ukrainian Secret Service, formerly the KGB archive (Kiev, Ukraine). Several record groups (fondy) in the GDA SBU relate to the ac- tivity of Jewish organizations on the territory of Ukraine in the 1920s- 1930s. The following collection contains GPU-NKVD documents from 1. Salo Wittmayer Baron, The Russian Jew under Tsars and Soviets, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1976), p. 182. I wish to thank the following personnel at the Archives of the Ukrainian Secret Service (GDA SBU) for their assistance: former directors S. M. Bogunov and V. M. Viatrovich, and archivists V. D. Govorun and G. V. Smirnov. I also wish to express my gratitude to Michael C. Hickey and my husband, Dale A. Bertelsen, for their encouragement, support and assistance, and to my mother, whose Jewish and Ukrain- ian relatives suffered but survived in the Soviet Union, and to whom this publication is dedicated.