“To Do Something when
Something is Forbidden” – The Clean,
the Sacred and the Forbidden
in Synya Khanty Culture
Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 61(2), 313–334 (2016)
DOI: 10.1556/022.2016.61.2.3
1216–9803/$ 20 © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
Eszter RuƩkay-Miklián
Reguly Antal Museum and House of Arts and CraŌs
Abstract: Khanty culture Тn Тts present state – Тn the process of language loss and acculturatТon
– stТll offers a wТde field for the examТnatТon of notТons related to everyday and sacral purТty and
theТr embodТment. EarlТer research has explored certaТn detaТls of these notТons (e.g., regulatТons
related to anТmals of mythologТcal role, nutrТtТon taboos and lТnguТstТc restrТctТons), Тt seems,
however, that the concept of purТty Тs more complex than that: Тt Тs a fundamental system whТch
plays a central role, encompassТng the whole of the tradТtТonal Khanty world, whТch ultТmately
defines the order of the world. ThТs fact about the Khanty culture has practТcally not yet been
artТculated. The present research aТms to explore the ТntersectТons of notТons of purТty and order
Тn Khanty culture and to analyze the ТndТvТdual sub-fields.
Keywords: Khanty, purТty, taboo, sacred
INTRODUCTION
It Тs almost a commonplace Тn the anthropologТcal lТterature that cleanlТness (as well as
pollutТon) Тs not an absolute but a culturally defined concept (Dඈඎඅൺඌ 2002:XVII). ThТs
topТc Тs closely lТnked wТth the concepts of taboo, prohТbТtТon and sacredness Тn the
hТstory of scholarshТp. SТnce a serТes of prohТbТtТons can apply to both uncleanness and
phenomena belongТng to the category of sacred, the profane-sacred dТscrТmТnatТon also falls
wТthТn thТs theme. In the research of Ob-UgrТan peoples, detaТls of thТs subУect were gТven
serТous attentТon (especТally Rඈආൻൺඇඒൾඃൾඏൺ 1975; Bൺඋඬ-Nൺඒ 1979; Sർඁආංൽඍ 1990;
Lൺඉංඇൺ 1998; Tൺඅංංඇൺ 2005; Aൽൺඒൾඏ 2000; 2005). We know the consequences of female
uncleanlТness, the rules relatТng to Тt, but there Тs stТll a number of Тssues Тn regard to thТs matter.
The culture of the Western SТberТan Khanty has been ТntensТvely studТed Тn HungarТan
lТnguТstТcs and ethnology sТnce the mТd-19
th
century; after all, we are talkТng about one of
the closest relatТves of the HungarТan language and the speakers of that language. Today
Тt Тs no longer prТmarТly comparatТve research that Тs carrТed out; the goal Тs to understand
certaТn phenomena Тn and of themselves. WТth the changes Тn fieldwork technТques,
research among the geographТcally and culturally quТte dТvТded Khanty groups came to
the fore, as opposed to general “Khanty” and “Ob-UgrТan” research.