Conclusion to special issue of French Politics, December 2016 “To the district… and beyond!” Nathalie Brack (Université libre de Bruxelles) Olivier Costa (Sciences Po Bordeaux) Eric Kerrouche (Sciences Po Bordeaux) Abstract: This concluding article aims at summarizing the contributions of this special issue on MPs’ local work in Belgium, France and Germany. Doing so, it highlights four elements to be taken into account when studying constituency representation: the MPs’ incentives related to personal vote and the electoral system but also other motivations, the content of the MPs’ activities on the ground, the impact of the district’s characteristics, and, finally, the influence of the MPs’ career path and institutional position. It further proposes a few avenues for future research. Key words: parliamentary representation, constituency service, personal vote, home style, comparison There is a rare consensus among political scientists and politicians to consider that Western democracies suffer from a deep crisis of representation. Citizens are losing faith in representative democracy and have a pretty negative image of representative institutions, especially at the national level. The latest poll shows for instance that only 31% of the European citizens trust their national government and their national parliament (Eurobarometer 83, Spring 2015). It is therefore not surprising that electoral volatility is high, abstention is rising, alternations become systematic in two party systems, and that populist and extremist parties are flourishing. Citizens are even looking for alternatives to parliamentary democracy. There is no simple answer to this crisis. Among potential solutions to revitalize democratic processes (Rosanvallon, 2015), a better pedagogy and accountability on the part of the politicians might be needed. Citizens feel that they know very little about the identity and