American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 3, 94-109
Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajme/5/3/5
©Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/ajme-5-3-5
Grey Relational Analysis of Chemical Assisted USM
of Polycarbonate Bullet Proof (UL-752) & Acrylic
Heat Resistant (BS-476) Glass
Kanwal Jeet Singh
1,*
, Inderpreet Singh Ahuja
2
, Jatinder Kapoor
3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology, Bathinda, Punjab, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
3
Department of Production Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
*Corresponding author: khalsa.kanwal@yahoo.com
Abstract This paper is developed an innovative process of chemical assisted ultrasonic machining of
polycarbonate bullet proof UL-752 and acrylic heat resistant BG-476 glass and conduct an investigation for optimize
the machining parameters associated with multiple performance characteristics using Grey relational analysis.
Machining of polycarbonate bullet proof UL-752 and acrylic heat resistant BS-476 glass are difficult process via
conventional machining, however, it can be easily machined by Ultrasonic machining. Carefully selected parameters
gives the optimum results. In this experimental work input parameters abrasive slurry concentration, type of abrasive,
power rate, grit size of abrasive particles, hydro-fluoride acid concentration and tool material are selected. The effect
of input parameters viz material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness are investigate. Grey relational
analysis and analysis of variance are performed to optimize the input parameters and better output results. In PBPG
UL-752, increment in material removal rate by 75.58%, tool wear rate by 45.34% and surface roughness by 34.18%.
In other hand, in AHRG BS-476, increment in material removal rate by 61.24%, tool wear rate by 31.46% and
surface roughness by 23.85%. The surface topography is investigate through SEM images. It also observed that HF
acid have the significant role in surface roughness. It also reduce the micro cracks on machined zone. Harder tool
and harder abrasive slutty gives the higher material removal rate, but it also enhance the tool wear rate.
Keywords: USM, polycarbonate, acrylic, bullet proof, heat resistant, glass, HF acid, grey relational analysis
Cite This Article: Kanwal Jeet Singh, Inderpreet Singh Ahuja, and Jatinder Kapoor, “Grey Relational
Analysis of Chemical Assisted USM of Polycarbonate Bullet Proof (UL-752) & Acrylic Heat Resistant (BS-476)
Glass.” American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3 (2017): 94-109. doi: 10.12691/ajme-5-3-5.
1. Introduction
Ultrasonic machining (USM) is generally preferred for
amorphous, hard and brittle materials. Glass, ceramics,
titanium, titanium alloys and many more materials are
easily machined with USM [1,2,3]. If the hardness of
material is more than 40 HRC then USM is effectively
performed. Micro holes as small as 76 µm diameter can be
easily drilled by USM. The ratio of depth to diameter is
limited to 3:1. During USM neither chemical nor thermal
changes occur [5]. Moreover, no any metallurgical
variations arise on work surface [4]. The history of USM
started since 1927 with a research paper reported by A.L.
Loomis and R.W. Wood [8]. American engineer Lewis
Balamuth in 1945 was granted first patent [9]. USM
process have been classified as ultrasonic drilling,
ultrasonic cutting, ultrasonic abrasive and ultrasonic
dimensional machining [10,30]. In early 1950’s ultrasonic
grinding was modified into ultrasonic impact machining.
It was significant machining process and capable to
machine toughest materials [11].
In USM process, power supply have an important role.
It convert low frequency electrical signals into high
frequency electrical signals [11,12]. After that these
signals are transmitted to transducer. Two type of
transducer are generally used, magnetostatic and
piezoelectric transducer [14,31]. The transducer converts
high frequency electrical signals into mechanical
vibrations. Through horn, the effect of vibrations are
amplified and concentrate on tool assembly. USM tool
vibrates along its longitudinal axis with ultrasonic
frequency between 20 kHz to 40 kHz [3,14,15]. The
amplitude of vibrations are measured in few hundredth of
millimeters along longitudinal axis of tool. Horn and tool
must be designed with mass and shape considerations, so
that the resonance effect can be achieved with in the
frequency range [15,16]. Power rating of USM varies in
between 50 W to 4000 W. Along longitudinal axis
controlled static load is applied on the USM tool. Mixture
of abrasive and carrier medium is known as slurry. The
concentration of slurry varies from 30% to 50% by
volume [17,29]. It is pumped in between the gap of tool
and work surface. The optimum pumping speed of slurry
is 30 litter/ min [15,18]. Water is commonly used as a