Journal of Atmospheric Pollution, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 2, 62-68
Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jap/5/2/4
©Science and Education Publishing
DOI:10.12691/jap-5-2-4
Particulate Matter from Motor Vehicles in Nairobi Road
Junctions Kenya
Samson Murangiri Mukaria
*
, Raphael G Wahome, Michael Gatari, Thuita Thenya, Kiemo Karatu
Wangari Mathaai Institute, College of Agriculture and veterinary science, University of Nairobi
*Corresponding author: sammurangi@yahoo.com
Abstract Motor air pollution has become a problematic issue both within as it contributes to environmental
degradation. It is evident that air crises in cities continue to rise partly because of the increasing levels of motor
vehicle emissions. With the expansion of the economic base, cities such as Nairobi also expand paving the way for
an increase in motor vehicle ownership and use, which lead to higher rates of pollution. Given that exposure to
pollutants is harmful to human health, the traffic police are vulnerable because members are constantly uncovered to
motor vehicle fumes. The survey interviewed a purposive and non-random stratified sample of 127 police officers,
according to their seniority, years of employment and work experience, from the target population of traffic police
working in major road junctions within the CBD, Nairobi Kenya. The sampled junctions were Kamukunji, Railways
terminal, University way and Uhuru roundabouts. In addition, from the leadership rank, five (5) key informants were
also interviewed. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Discussions were held with the key
informers. The findings show that there are that the high concentrations of PM2.5 in Nairobi major roundabouts is
attributed to vehicular traffic congestion and worsened with poorly maintained and old vehicles. The significantly
high values obtained compared to World Health Organization 24 hr guideline of 25 μg m−3 (2000) creates a severe
health issues to regular pedestrians and workers around those areas. The study exposes that there are association
between fine particulates and motor vehicles (r = 0.93), signifying that vehicular emissions is foremost source of fine
particles in the atmosphere.
Keywords: particulate matters, PM
2.5
, motor vehicle pollution, exposure
Cite This Article: Samson Murangiri Mukaria, Raphael G Wahome, Michael Gatari, Thuita Thenya, and
Kiemo Karatu, “Particulate Matter from Motor Vehicles in Nairobi Road Junctions Kenya.” Journal of
Atmospheric Pollution, vol. 5, no. 2 (2017): 62-68. doi: 10.12691/jap-5-2-4.
1. Introduction
Motor vehicle road traffic is a critical basis of
destructive discharges of particulate contamination in
urban areas of the emergent world, where economic
development, combined with an absence of powerful
transportation and proper land utilization planning is
bringing about expanding motor vehicle proprietorship
and traffic overcrowding. These phenomenon and
components combine to make air contaminations very
high near roads.
Urban development is required to proceed at a fast pace
in the creating scene, especially in sub-Saharan Africa [1]
as rustic populaces keep on migrating to urban
communities looking for business and desires of better
living conditions. In the event that nothing is done to
diminish discharges and to better arrangement for
urbanization, this pattern can be required to additionally
worsen effectively genuine air worth issues in sub-
Saharan African urban areas and in addition the wellbeing
impacts that go with rising population.
Fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
), produced by fuel
ignition (e.g., that of engine vehicles) has been connected
to an widespread variety of health complication, putting in
mind that more than 800,000 passing in urban
communities around the globe becomes affected [2]. In
any case, little data is available concerning levels of
particulate air pollutions which occur in urban inhabitants
in Africa. This information crevice blocks health sway
appraisals, the improvement of financially savvy
methodologies to lessen the health burden because of open
air contamination and the capacity to impact urban mode
of transport and arranging strategies related to air quality
and health.
Motor vehicle discharges incorporate a scope of toxins,
including particulate matter (PM). PM
2.5
is of specific
hugeness on the grounds that examination on health
impacts in urban regions has shown relationship between
both here and now and long haul normal surrounding
PM
2.5
concentrations and an assortment of antagonistic
health results. These incorporate expanded post neonatal
newborn child mortality and unexpected losses identified
with heart and lung maladies.
On account of their little sizes, PM
2.5
particles can be
inhaled into the lungs where they apply antagonistic
impacts. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO),
in acquaintance of known health impacts, set a 24-hour
normal rule of 25 μg/m3 and a yearly normal rule of
10 μg/m
3
. PM
2.5
incorporates dark carbon (BC), or residue,
which caused by inadequate burning sources which