Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2017, Vol. 5, No. 1, 25-29 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jbet/5/1/5 ©Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jbet-5-1-5 Comparative Study of Arterial Compliance Using Invasive and Noninvasive Blood Pressure Waveform I-Lu Chen, Yashbir Singh, Wei-Chih Hu * Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taiwan *Corresponding author: weichihhu@cycu.edu.tw Abstract Most of the epidemiological studies have shown a good relationship between blood pressure and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVD has become a very common health condition that exhibits significant changes in distensibilility, compliance, and elastic modulus of the arterial vascular system. The main causes of this disease are the spreading of fats and cholesterols which initiate the damaging of endothelium, decreasing wall buffering capacity, and hardening of the arteries eventually leading to severe narrowing. We compared data from invasive and non-invasive blood pressure wave form. Using the Windkessel model, to estimate the arterial compliance as vascular index, we used data after the aortic valve closed to the end-diastolic point of blood pressure waveforms, utilized Bland-Altman difference plot, T-test, box whisker plot and scatter diagram. We analyzed physiological real data and investigated the correlation between the non-invasive and invasive blood pressure wave form. Non-invasive compressive pulse waveforms can be used to assess the total compliance of the arterial blood pressure waveforms of the invasive aorta that indicates the buffering of muscle and adipose tissue. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, arterial compliance, Windkessel model, non-invasive blood pressure waveform Cite This Article: I-Lu Chen, Yashbir Singh, and Wei-Chih Hu, “Comparative Study of Arterial Compliance Using Invasive and Noninvasive Blood Pressure Waveform.” Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 1 (2017): 25-29. doi: 10.12691/jbet-5-1-5. 1. Introduction In current times, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become the foremost component of mortality statistics in the world [1,2]. It is estimated that approximately 78% of deaths and 86% morbidity are caused because of CVD worldwide. Reports suggest that CVD will be the global health burden by 2020 [3,4]. This disease follows an asymptomatic phase of development which builds up in the body silently over a period of time without any major sign on an individual’s health [5]. Many recent studies demonstrated the relationship between biological aging and arteriosclerosis towards the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and end-stage renal failure. With aging, the arterial wall thickness and dilation, lengthening become less compliant and increases pulse wave velocity which result in wave reflections [6,7]. The extensive changes in the inner wall of the artery, affects the elasticity of fibers which are responsible for vessel distensiblility. The rising curiosity of non-invasive arterial compliance detection led many researchers to work in the field and put forth methods to estimate the arterial compliance. Prior research of cardiovascular structure and function is based on invasive intra-arterial cannulation to get the arterial pulse wave [8]. The change in arterial pulse wave is a passive consequence of increase in the blood pressure. In physiology, compliance (C) = dV/dP (Ratio of the change in volume (dV) resulting from change in pressure (dP)). Compliance represents the slope of the pressure-volume relationship [9,10]. In the context of an electric circuit, this is analog as to the Windkessel model that simulates blood pressure dynamics in the systemic arteries [11]. When stiffness occur then wide pulse pressure, systolic hypertension, and increased cardiovascular risk increase, because wide pulse pressure and systolic hypertension are late indicators of the arteriosclerotic process. There is important attention to develop more sensitive compliance measurements that can determine premature vascular stiffening at an earlier stage [12]. In this work, we aimed to scrutinize a method of evaluating arterial compliance using non-invasive blood pressure waveform which could be a prevailing method for medical science. Here, we used a dataset which is examined under the supervision of a physician on standardized conditions and we subsequently implemented a mathematical approach. This research work proved that a noninvasive method for the detection of blood pressure is significantly and more precise, compared for the invasive approach. 2. Method The overall framework in this paper has been majorly grouped into various categories, namely, Study population, data extraction, algorithm implementation, waveform computation and experimental architecture.