CHAPTER 279 Antimicrobial Nanoarchitectonics http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-52733-0.00011-2 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Nanomaterials as Enhanced Antimicrobial Agent/Activity- Enhancer for Transdermal Applications: A Review Sangeeta N. Kale*, Rohini Kitture*, Sougata Ghosh**, Balu A. Chopade**, Jatinder V. Yakhmi † *Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India; **University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India; † Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India OUTLINE 1 Antimicrobials in General 280 2 Conventional Antimicrobial Agents 282 3 Antimicrobials for Transdermal Applications 288 3.1 What Is a Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS)? 288 3.2 Conventional/Traditional Patches for Transdermal Applications 289 4 New Materials as Antimicrobials for Transdermal Applications 290 4.1 Nanomaterials 293 5 New Approaches Toward Rapid Transfers Through a TDDS 313 5.1 Microneedles 313 5.2 Chemical Permeation Enhancers 315 5.3 Burst Versus Controlled Release 315 6 Future Prospects 315 Acknowledgments 315 References 316