Open Peer Review Discuss this article (0) Comments RESEARCH ARTICLE First report of the presence of L1014S Knockdown-resistance mutation in and from Anopheles gambiae s.s Anopheles coluzzii Togo, West Africa [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review] Innocent Djègbè , Romaric Akoton , Genevieve Tchigossou , Koffi Mensah Ahadji-Dabla , Seun Michael Atoyebi , Razack Adéoti , Francis Zeukeng , Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh , Rousseau Djouaka 2 University of Sciences, Technologies and Mathematics, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, BP 123, Benin The AgroEcoHealth Platform, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cotonou, 08 BP 0932, Benin Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BP 526, Benin Research unit of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, 01 BP 1515 , Togo Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, BP 812, Cameroon Abstract To optimize the success of insecticide-based malaria control Background: intervention, knowledge of the distribution of species and Anopheles gambiae insecticide resistance mechanisms is necessary. This paper reported an updated data on pyrethroids/DDT resistance in the population An. gambiae s.l from Togo. From December 2013 to April 2015, females of indoor-resting Methods: An. were captured in three locations belonging to three different gambiae s.l ecological zones. Resistance to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin was screened in F1 progeny of collected mosquitoes using WHO susceptibility tests. The identification of species of complex and the detection of An. gambiae and allele were carried out using DNA-based molecular techniques. kdr ace.1 from Kovié and Nangbéto were highly resistant to DDT Results: An. gambiae and permethrin with mortalities rate ranging from 0.83% to 1.58% for DDT and zero to 8.54% for permethrin. Mosquitoes collected in Nangbéto displayed 81.53% mortality with deltamethrin. and s.s were An. coluzzii An. gambiae found in sympatry in Nangbéto and Mango The allelic frequency of L1014F . was high, ranging from 66 to 100% in both and . An. coluzzii An. gambiae s.s For the first time we detected the L1014S allele in both and An. coluzzii An. from Togo at the frequency ranging from 5% to 13% in all the gambiae s.s. sites. The N1575Y was present at various frequencies in both species kdr ranging from 10% to 45%. Both and shared the An. gambiae s.s. An. coluzzii mutation in all investigated sites with allelic frequency ranging from 4% ace1 to 16%. These results showed that multiple mutations are involved in Conclusion: insecticides resistance in populations from Togo including the kdr An. gambiae L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y and G119S mutations. ace.1 1,2 2,3 2,3 4 2 2 2,5 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 Referee Status: AWAITING PEER REVIEW 19 Mar 2018, :30 (doi: ) First published: 3 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13888.1 19 Mar 2018, :30 (doi: ) Latest published: 3 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13888.1 v1 R R R Page 1 of 8 Wellcome Open Research 2018, 3:30 Last updated: 19 MAR 2018