Taye Temitope Alawode and Kehinde Olukunmi Alawode / Elixir Network Engg. 110 (2017) 48206-48212 48206
Introduction
A major challenge faced by natural products chemists in the
process of drug development is elucidation of the structure of
isolated compounds. Sesquiterpenes are formed from
countless biogenetic pathways and therefore produce several
types of carbon skeletons [1,2]. This makes elucidation of
their structures very challenging. Eudesmane-type compounds
are one of the most representative skeletons of sesquiterpenes.
Emerenciano and co-workers have developed and applied the
expert system, SISTEMAT (based on artificial intelligence
programs) in the elucidation of structures of several classes of
compounds including sesquiterpenes [3,4], lactone
sesquiterpenes[5], diterpenes [6] and triterpenes [7]. Oliveira
and co workers [4] demonstrated the use of SISTEMAT in
obtaining useful rules of
13
C spectral analysis and its use as an
auxiliary tool in the process of structure elucidation for
eudesmanes. The same work presented a review on the
13
C
NMR data of eudesmanes. Part of the
13
C NMR chemical shift
data used in our previous studies and the current one are
obtained from this publication. The structure of any natural
product is conventionally divisible into three sub-units: the
skeletal atoms, heteroatoms directly bonded to the skeletal
atoms or unsaturations between them and secondary carbon
atoms, usually bonded to a skeletal atom through an ester or
other linkages [5]. The skeletal structure common to all
Eudesmane compounds is shown in Fig.1.
Fig 1. Eudesmane skeleton.
Typical substituents found in Eudesmane compounds are
presented in Fig. 2.
Our Contribution
In a previous study [8], we have shown that when
Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN), is trained
using the
13
C chemical shift values for each of the 15 positions
on the eudesmane skeleton as input and the various possible
substituents as the target, GRNN could identify the
substituents in each position on the Eudesmane skeleton of
unknown compounds (when the
13
C values for each position
on the Eudesmane skeleton of the each unknown eudesmane is
supplied to the system). We have also applied scatter plot as a
tool to determine the
13
C chemical shift ranges (for each of the
15 carbon positions on the Eudesmane skeleton) over which
different substituent types may exist allowing the
determination all the possible structures consistent with a
particular set of spectroscopic data [9]. However, full
elucidation of structures of unknown compounds using the
described procedures could not be carried out since the studies
were based on the premise that the
13
C skeletal data of the
compounds whose substituents were being determined are
known. In the present work, we predict the
13
C chemical shift
values on the skeleton (C
1
-C
15
) of novel eudesmane skeleton
using GRNN. We thereafter proceeded to utilize the predicted
skeletal values to determine the substituent types in each
position on the eudesmane skeleton employing the principles
demonstrated in the previous works. The degree of accuracy
of GRNN and scatter plots in determining the substituents on
each position of the skeleton of the test compounds were
compared. In utilizing the GRNN and scatter plots in
predicting the substituent types, the original data set utilized in
our previous publications were expanded in order to
accommodate new substituent types encountered in the
compounds employed in skeletal data prediction.
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E-mail address: onatop2003@yahoo.com
© 2017 Elixir All rights reserved
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 11 July 2017;
Received in revised form:
1 September 2017;
Accepted: 11 September 2017;
Keywords
GRNN,
Scatter plots,
Structural elucidation,
13
C,
Eudesmane sesquiterpenes.
Structural Elucidation of Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes using GRNN and
Scatter Plots
Taye Temitope Alawode
1
and Kehinde Olukunmi Alawode
2
1
Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study seeks to achieve a complete elucidation of structures of unknown Eudesmane
sesquiterpenes from their
13
C values. The
13
C values for each of the fifteen (15) positions
of the skeletons of the Eudesmane compounds were predicted using Generalized
Regression Neural Network (GRNN). From the predicted
13
C values, GRNN and Scatter
Plot methods were used to predict the substituents attached to each position on the
skeleton of the Eudesmane compounds. Recognition of the test compounds ranged
between 40 and 100%. GRNN and Scatter plots demonstrated great potential for use in
the structural elucidation of unknown compounds from
13
C values.
© 2017 Elixir All rights reserved.
Elixir Network Engg. 110 (2017) 48206-48212
Network Engineering
Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)