© Kamla-Raj 2012 J Soc Sci, 33(2):169-178 (2012)
Factors Influencing Students’ Career Choice and
Aspirations in South Africa
Almon Shumba
1
and Matsidiso Naong
2
1
School of Teacher Education, Faculty of Humanities,
2
School of Entrepreneurship and
Business Development, Faculty of Management Sciences, Central University of Technology,
Free State, South Africa
E-mail:
1
<ashumba@cut.ac.za, almonshumba@yahoo.com>,
2
<mnaong@cut.ac.za>
KEYWORDS Career Choice. Aspirations. Factors. Students. South Africa
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing career choice and aspirations among
South African students. A quantitative paradigm guided this study. A survey method in the form of a structured
questionnaire was used in this study in order to identify the factors that influence career choice and aspirations
among South African students. A purposive sample of 133 first and second year university students (77 females, 56
males; age range 15 to 30 years) participated in the study. The Career Aspirations Questionnaire was used in this
study. Career Aspirations Questionnaire which explored the factors that influence medical students’ career choice
and aspirations. Data were analysed using percentages and tables. The study found that the family; the ability of the
learner self to identify his/her preferred career choice; and teachers were significant factors that influence the
career choice and aspirations of students. The implications of the findings and practical considerations are
discussed in the study.
Address for correspondence:
Professor Almon Shumba
School of Teacher Education, Faculty of Humanities
Central University of Technology, Free State
Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300.
South Africa
E-mail: ashumba@cut.ac.za &
almonshumba@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION
Several studies show that new students all
over the world are usually faced with a dilemma
in making a career choice decision in their lives
(Bandura et al. 2001; Cherian 1991; Issa and
Nwalo 2008; Macgregor 2007; McMahon and
Watson 2005; Watson et al. 2010). In most cas-
es, the choice of careers, subjects, and courses
of study and the subsequent career paths to
follow are a nightmare for prospective under-
graduate students (Issa and Nwalo 2008). Most
often, choosing the right subject combination
leading to the right profession can make the dif-
ference between enjoying and detesting the ca-
reer in future. Each individual undergoing the
process of making a career choice is influenced
by such factors as the context in which they
live, their personal aptitudes, and educational
attainment (Bandura et al. 2001; Watson et al.
2010). In their study, Watson et al. (2010) found
that the majority of aspirations were for social
type occupations followed by investigative type
occupations, with boys aspiring more to inves-
tigative and girls more to social type occupa-
tions. The same study reported that more than
80 % of the total sample aspired to high status
occupations (Watson et al. 2010).
In his study, Ngesi (2003) found that poor
financial base of students from disadvantaged
communities deter choices of appropriate edu-
cational programmes and careers. Such students
tend to avoid careers which appear to them to
require long period of training their finance can-
not support (Ngesi 2003). This suggests that
students from lower socio-economic families are
not given adequate space to make independent
decisions on their careers. It is clear from these
findings that despite the limited state resources
available, the shortage of high level skills and a
pressing need to raise income levels among the
poor, high student drop-out and failure rates are
a major problem in South African universities.
Studies have also investigated factors that
influence career choice by high school students
(Dick and Rallis 1991; Jawitz et al. 2000; Mudho-
vozi and Chireshe 2012; Southwick 2000). For
example, in their study of socio-demographic
factors that enchor career choice among psy-
chology students in South Africa, Mudhovozi
and Chireshe (2012) found that the participants
who attended rural-situated public schools made
delayed career decisions. The same study also
found that participants were mainly influenced