Journal of Urban History
2017, Vol. 43(6) 960–967
© The Author(s) 2017
Reprints and permissions:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
journals.sagepub.com/home/juh
Review Essay
Beyond Resistance: New Works on
Urban Popular Politics in
Latin America’s Informal Cities
Edward Murphy (2015). For a Proper Home: Housing Rights in the Margins of Urban Chile, 1960-2010.
Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 360 pp., $27.95 (paper).
Alejandro Velasco (2015). Barrio Rising: Urban Popular Politics and the Making of Modern Venezuela.
Oakland: University of California Press, 344 pp., $29.95 (paper).
Bryan McCann (2014). Hard Times in the Marvelous City: From Dictatorship to Democracy in the Favelas of Rio
de Janeiro. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 256 pp., $94.95 (cloth), $25.95 (paper).
Brodwyn Fischer, Bryan McCann, and Javier Auyero, eds. (2014). Cities from Scratch: Poverty and
Informality in Urban Latin America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 304 pp., $94.95 (cloth), $26.95
(paper).
Reviewed by: Andra B. Chastain, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
DOI: 10.1177/0096144217715617
Keywords
Latin America, housing, resistance, popular politics, urban, shantytowns, Chile, Brazil, Venezuela
Latin America is now the most urbanized region in the world. It experienced staggering urban
growth during the twentieth century as the promise of industrial jobs and better living conditions
spurred widespread migration from the countryside. The metropolitan areas of São Paulo and
Mexico City mushroomed more than eightfold, from fewer than two million people in 1940 to
more than 15 million in 1990, while cities like Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Bogotá, Lima, and
Santiago also swelled dramatically.
1
With housing stock unable to keep pace with demand, the
region witnessed the rapid growth of precarious informal settlements, known variously as colo-
nias populares in Mexico, ranchos in Venezuela, barriadas in Peru, favelas in Brazil, villas
miserias in Argentina, and poblaciones in Chile.
Histories of popular politics in Latin America’s informal cities have often worked within the
paradigm of resistance versus co-optation. On one hand, many scholars have viewed urban squat-
ters as collective protagonists on par with workers. This characterization makes sense in many
cases, since Marxist parties spearheaded urban land seizures and organized to stop the removal
of informal settlements, though the contours of these struggles varied.
2
As revolutionary hopes
were dashed by repressive military dictatorships and further eroded by globalization, the para-
digm of collective action shifted to take into account smaller-scale forms of resistance and sur-
vival.
3
Some of the studies that highlight grassroots organizing or decentralized forms of
resistance also implicitly critique older modes of collective action, arguing that these drew poor
residents into hierarchical, dependent relationships with politicians and parties.
4
Broadly speak-
ing, studies of popular politics in Latin America’s informal cities have tended to emphasize the
poor as either resistant to domination or dependent on powerbrokers. There have been fewer
715617JUH XX X 10.1177/0096144217715617Journal of Urban HistoryReview Essay
review-article 2017