http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 1037 editor@iaeme.com International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 1037–1048, Article ID: IJCIET_09_03_104 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed THE MEDINA TREATY FROM THE ETHNICITY PERSPECTIVE Zaleha Embong Center of Language and Humanity Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Nik Yusri Musa Center of Language and Humanity Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Nazri Muslim Centre for Citra, National University of Malaysia, Corresponding Author E-mail: nazrimuslim@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The Medina Treaty is the first written constitution in the world, formulated in the effort to manage and arrange the way the pluralistic society lives. The people in Medina comprise of a diversity of races, tribes and religions so they require laws that can be collectively agreed upon and accepted. Upon the awareness that the ethnic diversity of a country needs to be managed the best way possible, the treaty serves to be the best model to manage this diversity. Before the emergence of Islam, the people of Medina did not have a proper political system and the people live in segregation and groups. Their lives are based on a profound group or kabilah (tribal) system and a high spirit of ethnicity so much so that they were willing to fight with each other and kill each other because of trivial matters. The Medina treaty formulated by the Nabi Muhammad SAW had successfully united this diverse society. In the Medina treaty, the Prophet had acknowledged the value of ethnicity. The strength of this value had successfully built strong ties among the pluralistic society in Medina. Keywords: Medina Treaty, Managing Diversity, Political System, Ethnicity Value. Cite this Article: Zaleha Embong, Nik Yusri Musa and Nazri Muslim, The Medina Treaty from the Ethnicity Perspective, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 2018, pp. 1037–1048. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=3 1. INTRODUCTION Ethnicity refers to the combination of various attributes and components that are normally owned by an ethnic group (Smelser, 1988). Ethnicity encompasses the sharing of belief, norms, values, priorities in the group, loyalty and being at ease with his or her own group. It also refers to the feeling of belonging to an ethnic that can consolidate and unite the members