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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(2): 1212-1216
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2018; 6(2): 1212-1216
© 2018 JEZS
Received: 20-01-2018
Accepted: 23-02-2018
NM Bhojane
Department of Veterinary
Pathology, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
RS Ingole
Department of Veterinary
Pathology, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
SW Hajare
Departments of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
SV Kuralkar
Department of Animal Genetics
and Breeding, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
SJ Manwar
Department of Poultry Sciences,
Post Graduate Institute of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
Krishi Nagar, Akola,
Maharashtra, India
SP Waghmare
Teaching Veterinary Clinical
Complex, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence
RS Ingole
Department of Veterinary
Pathology, Post Graduate
Institute of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Krishi Nagar,
Akola, Maharashtra, India
Individual and combined toxicity effect of
indoxacarb and glyphosate on general
performance and hematological parameters in
Japanese quails
NM Bhojane, RS Ingole, SW Hajare, SV Kuralkar, SJ Manwar and SP
Waghmare
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the general performance, clinical and the hematological
observations in sub-acute toxicity of indoxicarb and glyphosate in Japanese quails. Two week old, 252
Japanese quails after one week acclimatization were divided into seven equal groups and group C served
as control, whereas group T1 was fed with feed + indoxacarb @ 30 mg/kg of feed, group T2 was fed with
feed + indoxacarb @ 60 mg/kg of feed, group T3 was fed with feed + glyphosate @ 250 mg/kg of feed,
group T4 was fed with feed +glyphosate @ 500 mg/kg of feed, group T5 was fed with feed +
indoxacarb@ 30 mg/kg of feed +glyphosate @500 mg/kg of feed and group T6 was fed with feed
+indoxacarb @ 60 mg/kg of feed + glyphosate @ 250 mg/kg of feed for a period of four weeks. The
clinical signs observed in combination group were more prominent compared to birds fed with individual
indoxacarb or glyphosate at higher doses. Decreases in the body weight in quails was observed in all
treatment groups but glyphosate causes significant decrease in body weight compared to indoxacarb.
There was marginal reduction in feed intake in quails receiving high dose of indoxacorb and glyphosate
alone and combination treated groups. The non-significant alteration in hematological paramenters
indicated low toxic minimal adverse toxicity effect of indoxacarb or glyphosate either singly or in
combination in Japanese quails for a period of 28 days.
Keywords: glyphosate, hematology, indoxacarb, Japanese quails, toxicity
Introduction
Indoxacarb (S)-methyl 7-chloro-2, 5- dihydro-2-[(methoxycarbonyl) [4 (trifluoromethoxy)
henyl] amino]-carbonyl] indeno
[1, 2-e] [1, 3, 4]
oxadiazine-4a-(3H)-carboxylate (C22H17ClF3
N3O7) is a new insecticide of class oxadiazine having strong activity against lepidopteron
pests of fruits, vegetables, corn, tree cotton, peanut, soybean, alfalfa and other crops
recommends it`s wide use in agriculture and horticulture
[1]
. The activated metabolite of
indoxacarb has a unique mode of action by blocking of sodium channels of nerve cells,
resulting in paralysis and death of the target pest species
[2]
. The neuronal cholinergic nicotinic
receptors are the one of the primary target sites of the insecticide in mammals
[3]
.
Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]-glycine, H203P-CH2-NH-CH2-C02H) is a unique broad-
spectrum post emergence herbicide being used worldwide for the control of terrestrial weeds
[4]
. It was primarily developed for noncrop agriculture use; however, it has also been used in
connection with insecticide tolerant crop varieties and in forestry management practices for
site preparation and herbaceous weed control
[5]
. Generally, glyphosate is slightly toxic to
mammals and fish, but it may have an impact on poultry industry through feed residual effect.
A higher concentration of glyphosate was detected when glyphosate was sprayed several times
during the crop cycle, and when treatments approached the flowering stage
[6]
.
The use of insecticide in combinations for agricultural pest control and public health is
increasing day by day due to the challenges posed by insecticide resistance to the existing
chemicals. Past research in agriculture sciences showed excellent effects of mixing of
glyphosate with numerous insecticides (including indoxacarb) in various agricultural crops;
however no information is available on toxicopathology of combined effect of indoxacarb and
glyphosate in avian, animals and humans. Therefore, there is a need to study toxicopathology
of indoxacarb and glyphosate to evaluate health hazards and toxicity associated with dietary