well as patients with a history of previous vascular decompression and/or
TNA blocks were excluded. Demographic characteristics, operative
details, and perioperative pain treatment data were collected. Primary
end points included postoperative pain relief, levels of carbamazepine,
facial numbness, and complications. Continuous and categorical data
were analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson’s x
2
test, or
Fisher exact test, as appropriate.
RESULTS: Radiosurgery and balloon compression groups contained 59
and 62 patients, respectively. Balloon compression had a lower mean
postoperative pain control (36.7% vs 19%; P ¼ .0281) and mean calculated
pain control in VAS scale at 2 weeks (47.3% vs 22.65%; P ¼ .0236), this
did not translate to a statistically significant difference in mean pain control
at 3 months (68.7% vs 83.93% P ¼ .137), 18 months (57.8% vs 73.93%
P ¼ .098), and carbamazepine usage after 3 months (balloon compression
[31.9%] vs GKRS [37.7%]; P ¼ .71). Most common side effects were facial
numbness postoperative v2, v3 distribution (64.23% vs 13.12%; P ¼
.00192) and 3 months (24.68% vs 17.29%; P ¼ .034).
CONCLUSION: Balloon compression decreased acute primary tri-
geminal neuralgia, but did not provide a clinically substantial advantage
compared with GKRS in terms of decreasing pharmacological dosage and
pain relief in a 24-month period.
105
Incidence and Predictors of Complications After Bypass
Surgery for Pediatric Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Yimo Lin, BA; Dominic Harris, I-Wen Pan, PhD; Thomas G.
Luerssen, BS, MD, FACS, FAAP; Sandi Lam, MD, MBA
INTRODUCTION: Moyamoya is a rare disease, and thus there have
been few published studies with sufficient power for outcomes analyses of
bypass surgery performed in the modern era.
METHODS: This Kids Inpatient Database (KID) was queried for
hospitalizations of pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease undergoing
extracranial-intracranial vascular bypass surgery in the years 2003, 2006,
and 2009. Type of bypass (direct vs indirect) was not distinguishable in
coding. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify
covariates associated with in-hospital complications.
RESULTS: An estimated total of 477 hospitalizations for bypass surgery
were identified in the years of the study. The mean age was 9.5 years. The
incidence of Down syndrome in the cohort was 7%, the incidence of sickle
cell hemoglobinopathy was 12.1%, the incidence of neurofibromatosis
type 1 was 5.9%, and the incidence of preexisting neurological deficit was
21%. The incidence of in-hospital complications were as follows:
postoperative stroke 1%, subdural hematoma 0.4%, death 0.4%, seizures
12.2%, wound infection 1%, meningitis 0.4%, sepsis 0.4%, CSF leak
0.7%. There were no cases of cardiopulmonary collapse or deep vein
thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. In a multivariate regression model
controlling for demographics, hospital, and clinical factors, longer length of
stay (OR, 1.12; P ¼ .027), increased number of procedures done during
hospitalization (OR, 2.2; P ¼ .04), and the presence of 1 of 4
comorbidities (Down syndrome, NF1, sickle cell, preexisting neurological
deficit) (OR, 2.3; P ¼ .034) were significantly associated with increased
risk of complications. Age, sex, race, hospital type or location, and hospital
volume were not significantly associated with outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Increased length of stay, increased number
of procedures done in-hospital, and the presence of certain comor-
bidities were associated with a higher incidence of complications
among pediatric patients undergoing bypass surgery for Moyamoya
disease.
106
Functional Network Analysis in Surgical Epilepsy
Patients Using Magnetoencephalography
Dario J. Englot, MD, PhD; Robert C. Knowlton, MD; Edward F.
Chang, MD; Heidi E. Kirsch, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, PhD
INTRODUCTION: Intractable focal epilepsy is a devastating disorder
with profound effects on cognition and quality of life. Epilepsy surgery can
lead to seizure freedom in patients with focal epilepsy; however,
sometimes it fails owing to an incomplete delineation of the epileptogenic
zone (EZ). Brain networks in epilepsy can be studied with resting-state
functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis, yet previous investigations using
functional MRI or electrocorticography have produced inconsistent
results. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) allows noninvasive whole-
brain recordings, and can be used to study both long-range network
disturbances in focal epilepsy and regional connectivity at the EZ.
METHODS: In MEG recordings from presurgical epilepsy patients,
we examined: (1) global functional connectivity maps in patients vs
controls, and (2) regional functional connectivity maps at the region of
resection, compared with the homotopic nonepileptogenic region in the
contralateral hemisphere.
RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were studied, including 30 with mesial
temporal lobe epilepsy and 31 with focal neocortical epilepsy. Compared
with a group of 31 controls, epilepsy patients had decreased RSFC in
widespread regions, including perisylvian, posterior temporoparietal, and
orbitofrontal cortices (P , .01, false discovery rate-corrected). Decreased
mean global connectivity was related to longer duration of epilepsy and
higher frequency of consciousness-impairing seizures (P , .01, linear
regression). Furthermore, patients with increased regional connectivity
within the resection site (n ¼ 24) were more likely to achieve
postoperative seizure freedom (87.5% with Engel I outcome) than
those with neutral (n ¼ 15, 64.3% seizure free) or decreased (n ¼ 23,
47.8% seizure free) regional connectivity (P , .02, x
2
).
CONCLUSION: Widespread global decreases in functional connec-
tivity are observed in patients with focal epilepsy and may reflect
deleterious long-term effects of recurrent seizures. Furthermore, enhanced
regional functional connectivity at the area of resection may help predict
seizure outcome and aid surgical planning.
107
ReACT: Overall Survival From a Randomized Phase II
Study of Rindopepimut (CDX-110) Plus Bevacizumab in
Relapsed Glioblastoma
David A. Reardon, MD; James M. Schuster, MD; David Dinh Tran,
Karen L. Fink, MD, PhD; Louis B. Nabors, MD; Gordon Li, MD;
Daniela Annenelie Bota, MD; Rimas Vincas Lukas, MD; Annick
Desjardins, MD, FRCP; Lynn Stuart Ashby, J. Paul Duic, Maciej M.
Mrugala, MD, PhD, MPH; Andrea Werner, Thomas Hawthorne, Yi
He, Jennifer Green, Michael Jay Yellin, Christopher D. Turner,
Thomas A. Davis, John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, MHSc, MBA
INTRODUCTION: EGFRvIII, a constitutively active EGFR deletion
driver mutation, is associated with poor long-term survival in glioblastoma
CNS ORAL PRESENTATIONS
198 | VOLUME 62 | NUMBER 1 | AUGUST 2015 www.neurosurgery-online.com
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