19 Madridge J Behav Soc Sci. Volume 1 Issue 1 Madridge Journal of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Article Open Access Aspects of Human migration in 21st-Century India Kumar V* Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Article Info *Corresponding author: Vikramendra Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Sociology Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Delhi India Email: Bardhan.vikramendra@gmail.com doi: 10.18689/mjbss.2017-104 Received: September 25, 2017 Accepted: November 11, 2017 Published: November 17, 2017 Citation: Kumar V*. Aspects of Human migration in 21st-Century India. Madridge J Behav Soc Sci. 2017: 1(1): 19-31. Copyright: © 2017 Kumar V. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Published by Madridge Publishers Abstract The migrating man suffers harrowing experiences, he works hard, struggling to save something to send home to his family, but is caught in the vicious cycle of staying in the city to find a job and doing a job in order to continue staying in the city. Since rural-to- urban migration has been particularly male-selective and further more the pattern seems to be “rich student, poor worker”. But we have little information on the consequences of male migration on the family in the village. We do not know how male migration affects the structure of roles, division of labour between the sexes or the forms of dominance in the village production system. There is little data to show how women face the situation created by the absence of males within the family and in the larger community. Changes in labour demands, the increasing vulnerability of women, the widening access to developmental and political processes, the conflicting social demands and the economic compulsions may all be critical factors affecting the lives of such migrating man. While we have some idea about the economic and social deprivations of these men, we have little knowledge about the precise extent of exploitation and suffering they undergo, or about the views they have on their situation. This paper is an attempt to review the wide range of literature concerning migration in India. Keywords: Migration, change, development, exploitation, social deprivation, economic compulsions Introduction Rural India is still floating towards Cities. Migration from one state to another within India is mainly from Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Madya Pradesh. Here is a representative overview of migration from different states of India and persons migrating to other parts of the country. It is both seasonal and non-seasonal within India. The seasonal migration is mostly by weavers, brick makers and rice-go down workers (unloading rice from Lorries to depots and vice-versa). The non-seasonal migration is mainly by washermen, shoe-makers, hawkers (going from house to house), kerosene sellers, rickshaw drivers, fruit & vegetable wallas, railway-station porters, and employees of the Food Corporation of India, of other important wholesale food stockers, and of the Assam Electricity Board (e.g. helping repair electricity-line poles). These migrants live mostly without family in male groups and lead a very simple life, keeping in view their motive to earn money and send it to their family members living in Bihar, where some of that money is used, for instance, to build family houses. On many occasions, particularly for religious festivals or for the engagement or marriage of a family member, the migrant workers come back home. Since the 1960s, a number of major developments in global migration patterns have placed the phenomenon at the heart of international politics. First, the scale of movements has increased exponentially.