Asia Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 44, No. 2, August 2003
ISSN: 1360-7456, pp89– 107
© Victoria University of Wellington, 2003. Published by Blackwell Publishing.
Losing ground? Tuvalu, the greenhouse effect
and the garbage can
John Connell
Abstract: Greenhouse-induced sea-level rise (SLR) threatens coral
atolls and particularly the few atoll states, such as Tuvalu. This central
Pacific island microstate has minimal economic development options,
and has increasingly perceived emigration and remittances as a
development strategy, despite restricted opportunities. Internal
migration, in search of wage employment, has brought almost half
the national population to Funafuti atoll, with negative local
environmental consequences. Short-term scientific data show no evid-
ence of SLR in Tuvalu, but the Government of Tuvalu has argued
that there is visual evidence of SLR, through such consequences
as increased erosion, flooding and salinity. Global media have
increasingly emphasised a doomsday scenario, with Tuvalu as
synecdoche and symbol of all threatened island environments.
Environmental problems of diverse origin have been entirely attri-
buted to distant processes causing SLR, in terms of ‘garbage can
anarchy’ or a ‘conspiracy narrative’, and thus to distant causes. The
Tuvalu Government has consequently sought compensation from,
and migration opportunities in, distant states. The construction of
apparently imminent hazard has potential domestic political and
economic advantages, but environmental costs.
Keywords: Pacific, Tuvalu, greenhouse effect, economic develop-
ment, migration, media
Sections of the international media remain unrestrained in bolstering Tuvalu’s
insistence that it is already having climate change floods. In February a three-
man BBC team, two print journalists and a Japanese TV crew were hopefully
present in Funafuti for a routine spring high tide to be presented globally as
actual proof of inundation. The tide was high as normal for that time of year, and
Author: John Connell, Division of Geography, University of Sydney, NSW 2006,
Australia. Email: jconnell@mail.usyd.edu.au