International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248 Volume: 4 Issue: 2 337 – 341 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 337 IJFRCSCE | February 2018, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ Hyper spectral Analysis of Soil Iron Oxide using PLSR Method: A Review Kanchan Sukhdev Kayande 1 Dept. of Computer Science and IT Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India kayande.k93@gmail.com Ratnadeep R. Deshmukh 2 Dept. of Computer Science and IT Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India rrdeshmukh.csit@bamu.ac.in Pooja Vinod Janse 3 Dept. of Computer Science and IT Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India puja.janse@hotmail.com Jaypalsing N. Kayte * Dept. of Computer Science and IT Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, India jaypalsing@gmail.com Abstract— Spectroscopy is a rapid, simple, non-destructive and analytical technique, which provides a good alternative that may be used to replace conventional methods of soil analysis. Soil iron oxides occur in almost all type‟s soils and they reflect different environmental conditions by the high variability of their mineralogy and concentration. Soil iron oxide, being an important pedogenic indicator of the soil, measurement of Iron Oxide content can be used as an index of soil fertility. Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) Field Spec 4 Spectroradiometer is used which has 350-2500 nm spectral wavelength range to estimate iron oxide content from the soil sample. The Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy requires less effort and it is quick innovation to predict the soil iron oxide content. For collecting the soil iron oxide content from spectral data we are utilizing PLSR which is statistical regression method. This paper states the work that is done on different soil types at different places to observe the iron oxide content in soil. Keywords- Iron Oxide, Reflectance Spectroscopy, ASD field spec 4, Vis-NIR, PLSR. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Soils are major elements of land surface ecosystems. Representing these ecosystems and monitoring their changes requires a proper knowledge of the soil development [1]. Soil contains minerals, organic matter, uncountable quantities of organisms and also varying amounts of air and water which gives support to the life [2]. Generally soil fertility is assessed by soil properties such as its contents. Assessment of soil fertility is currently turning into a routine work for soil management and crop production. However, laboratory- analysis based identification of soil properties is time consuming, which is not appropriate for precision agriculture. Here, Reflectance spectroscopy shows up as an option and quick strategy to quantify soil fertility. Iron oxides occur in almost all types of soils and they reflect distinctive natural conditions by the high fluctuation of their mineralogy and concentration [3]. The analysis of iron oxide is of great pedological interest because the iron oxide content in soil reflects the duration and intensity of pedogenesis [4]. Thus this global presence of iron oxides in soils makes them an appropriate pedogenic indicator [5]. Iron oxides form mainly as weathering products of rocks with iron-containing mineralogy, for example, silicates, carbonates, and clays. They present as coatings on other soil particles and act as cementing agents between soil contents. Color is one of the main attribute of soil and iron oxide is one of the main pigmenting agent in soil. Soil colors have been utilized as a part of different studies to survey the iron oxide mineralogy and substance to depict soil advancement and segregate between soils [6]. Spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared ranges allows rapid acquisition of soil information based on the soil properties [7]. For the analyzation of soil properties, spectral reflectance measurement is a timesaving and non-destructive alternative to traditional methods. It allows a reasonable estimation and is particularly helpful, when large numbers of samples and analyses are required [8]. Reflectance spectroscopy allows soil chemical properties to be determined based on their absorption characteristics. Iron oxide produces wide diagnostic absorption bands in the Visible-Near-infrared region. It is such a promising approach, that it uses diagnostic absorption bands in the reflectance spectrum. These wavelength-dependent properties generate a unique spectral reflectance signature from which materials can be identified and distinguished [9]. Mainly, Reflectance spectroscopy provides the potential to assess various physical, chemical, and biological soil properties and therefore be used as a more efficient technique to determine soil information when rapid, timely analyses are required. II. SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL Nearly all absorption features in the Visible, NIR and SWIR are overtone or combination bands in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum [10]. Generally properties of soil are distributed in the following way in the VIS -NIR – SWIR region of electromagnetic spectrum: