Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res. eISSN: 2455-1716 Verma et al., 2018 DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.16 Copyright © 2015 - 2018| IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 | Issue 03 | Page 1844 Nipah Virus- Infectious Agent: An Overview Manish Kumar Verma 1 , Poonam Verma 2 , Sunita Singh 3 , Priyanka Gaur 4 , Areena Hoda Siddiqui 5 , Sarika Pandey 6 1 Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, India 2 Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India 3 Research Officer, Department of Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India 4 Research Scholar, Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India 5 Microbiologist, Department of Lab Medicine, Sahara Hospital, Lucknow, India 6 Research Scholar, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India *Address for Correspondence: Poonam Verma, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India ABSTRACT Nipah virus (NiV) is extremely pathogenic in nature, recently emerged paramyxovirus that has been dependable for scattered outbreaks of metastasis and encephalitic ill health in Southeast Asia. The multiplied urbanization and dynamic climate have led to rising in epidemics with incidences of recent diseases disturbing human health per annum. Most of these are zoonotic. Nipah Virus Encephalitis (NVE) is one such example that is caused by bats (flying foxes). NiV may be a new detected extremely pathogenic virus with the capability to cause devastating morbidity and mortality (an expected 100% in some cases) rate among the human populations. The illness was recorded within the sort of a significant outbreak in the Republic of India in the year of 2001 and then a tiny low incidence in the year of 2007, each the outbreaks in West Bengal only in humans without any involvement of pigs. About 1.1 million pigs had to be damaged to control the outbreak. The infection transmission from pigs acting as an intermediate host throughout Malaysian and Singapore outbreaks has adapted in NIV outbreaks in Republic of India and Bangladesh, transmission of the disease directly from bats to human followed by an individual to person. The drinking of raw date palm sap contaminated with fruit bat urine or saliva containing NiV is that the only known cause of an outbreak of the disease in Bangladesh outbreaks. High death rates have also been related to recent outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh. Key-words: Nipah Virus Infection, NiV, Fruit bats, Encephalitis disease, Infectious agent, Illness, Outbreak INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Nipah Virus is a latest emerging zoonosis which causes a severe illness in both animals and humans. Nipah Virus Infection (NiV), an infectious agent that caused the severe diseases by the Nipah (genus Henipavirus) in humans and animals also [1] . It was earliest identified in fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, Pteropus genus, i.e. besides natural hosts of the virus [2] and primarily identified and acquired NiV during an eruption of disease that took place in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia village in 1998 How to cite this article Verma MK, Verma P, Singh S, Gaur P, Siddiqui AH, Pandey S. Nipah Virus- Infectious Agent: An Overview. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1844-1850 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com village in 1998 to 1999 wherever the pig farmers become sick with the encephalitis illness. In the instance, pigs were the intermediate hosts. However, in subsequent NiV outbreaks, there were no intermediate hosts. In Bangladesh, the humans became infected with NiV as a result of consuming date palm sap that had been contaminated by infected fruit bats in 2004. Human-to- human transmission has also been documented, including by the hospital scenario in India. Out of a 582 NiV infected human cases, 54% were lethal [3,4] . Infection of Nipah virus in humans has a range of medical presentations, from asymptomatic disease to the acute respiratory syndrome and fatal encephalitis. Nipah virus is also capable of causing disease in pigs and other domestic animals. Recently, no vaccine for either humans or animals had been discovered. The crucial treatment for human cases is rigorous supportive care. Nipah virus is placed at "top of the list" explores 10 priority diseases that the World Health Organization has recognized as potentials for the next major outbreak. [5] Review Article