https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167818772201
Journal of Humanistic Psychology
2018, Vol. 58(4) 371–381
© The Author(s) 2018
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DOI: 10.1177/0022167818772201
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Introduction
Heroism and the Human
Experience: Foreword to
the Special Issue
Zeno E. Franco
1
and Olivia Efthimiou
2
Provenance has always been important to me. Knowing who has handled a
set of ideas, and how those ideas were shaped, helps us as scholars to under-
stand the intentions given to those ideas and how best to apply them in future
work. Heroism’s relationship to humanistic and existential psychology is not
a modern one. Humanistic/existential approaches have their grounding in vir-
tue, based on the ideas of the ancient Greeks; likewise, the word hero itself is
Greek, and the ideal of courage and physical perfection extend from the pre-
Socratics (Kahn, 1992), to Aristotle and Plato (Hardie, 1978; Kendrick,
2010), to modern philosophy (Roudinesco, 2008). Over time, the meaning of
hero changed from focusing on physical prowess and fame to the physical or
social expression of virtue ethics. From this perspective, heroism can be seen
as the embodiment of actions that hold us to the highest standard of caring for
another, even against great personal costs (Franco, Efthimiou, & Zimbardo,
2016).
The History of Exchange Between Joseph
Campbell and Humanistic Psychology
Over the past century, while much of psychology was busy trying to make
sense of the ravages of evil, prompted in large part by the events of World War
II and the Holocaust, Joseph Campbell took a different path. In his magnum
1
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
2
Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Corresponding Author:
Zeno E. Franco, Center for Healthy Communities & Research, Department of Family &
Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Email: zfranco@mcw.edu
772201JHP XX X 10.1177/0022167818772201Journal of Humanistic PsychologyFranco and Efthimiou
research-article 2018