International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 838 Valuable Product from Water Hyacinth – Review Paper Mukesh Dwivedi 1 , Anjani Kumar Dwivedi 2 1 M.Tech. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain-456010, (Madhya Pradesh), India . 2 Professor & Head Department of Chemical Engineering, Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain-456010, (Madhya Pradesh), India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Recently in India Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and River water cleanliness programmes are at crucial stage. So as to support the clean India campaign and Green India ideology one step should be taken to clean Rivers by making them free from water hyacinth. It is also help in conservation of river ecosystem. Water hyacinth in still river also has adverse effect on human health so, as to prevent the water hyacinth build up in the river, we have to develop a commercial and economics means. And for that we should also have idea about characteristics and constituents of water hyacinth. This gives in valuable products like biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen, biofertilizers and uses like fish feed as discussed in this study. Key Words: Eichhornia crassipes; Water hyacinth; bioethanol; biofertilizer. 1. INTRODUCTION Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms called water hyacinth could be a free-floating perennial aquatic plant happiness to the Pontederiaceae. )t’s one in every of the foremost productive plants on the planet and is taken into account the world’s worst aquatic weed. The weed is thought as Jal khumbe in Hindi, Pisachitha tamara in Telugu, Akasa or Vengaya tamarai in Tamil and as Kola vazha in Malayalam (Vidya & Girish, 2014). Water hyacinth (WH) could be a free floating, perennial water plant originated from Amazon River basin and have distributed throughout the globe. )t’s exhibited extraordinarily high growth rates and therefore the coverage of waterways by WH has created many issues as well as destruction of eco systems, irrigation issues and additionally as a dipteron breeding place resulting in increase in dipteron population. it's thought-about because the most efficient plant on earth and currently thought-about as a significant threat to biodiversity(Sindhu et al, 2017).In the last 3 decades a interest within the world is aroused by the potential of victimisation the biological ways within the waste water treatment, whose application as of natural and not artificial procedures of tertiary process of effluents provides the effluents of needed quality in a very economically acceptable manner within the technically simple structures. The capability of water plant(Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach) as a very promising plant with tremendous application in wastewater treatment is already proven(Jafari, 2010).This weed may be a drawback particularly in tropical and semitropical countries wherever environmental conditions give a year spherical growing amount. The natural loss of water from the water surface by evaporation is believed to extend through transpiration from the leaves of water plant by a minimum of 40–ͷͲ%.Due to this generally it's known as Dzshokh samunderdz in Asian country. The dense growth of water plant obstructs water flow in irrigation channels, interferes with navigation and electricity power generation. The flow of water is reduced by 40–95% and roughness constant will increase from zero.024 to 0.055 in irrigation channel (Mathur & Mathur, 2018). It grows in mats up to two meters thick which may cut back lightweight and oxygen, modification water chemistry, have an effect on flora and fauna and cause important increase in water loss because of evapotranspiration. It conjointly causes sensible problems for marine transportation, fishing and at intakes for hydro power and irrigation schemes. )t’s currently thought of a heavy threat to diversity. The plant originated within the Amazon Basin and was introduced into several components of the planet as a decorative garden pool plant attributable to its beauty. It absolutely was initially introduced as a decorative plant in India in 1896 from Brazil (Mathur, 2013). Fig -1: Water hyacinth plants (source Mathur & Mathur, 2018) 1.1 CHEMISTRY OF WATER HYACINTH: ( JAFARI 2010)  Fresh plant contains 95.5% moisture, 0.04% N, 1.0% ash, 0.06% P2O5, 0.20% K2O, 3.5% organic matter.  On a zero-moisture basis, it is 75.8% organic matter, 1.5% N, and 24.2% ash.  The ash contains 28.7% K2O, 1.8% Na2O, 12.8% CaO, 21.0% Cl, and 7.0% P2O5.