© 2017 International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow 127
Ocular morbidity among Senior
high school students in the Kumasi
metropolis, Ghana
David Ben Kumah, Mohammed Abdul-Kabir, Reynolds Kwame Ablordeppey,
Koi Adu-Gyami, Kweku Bonsu, Bright Asare-Bediako, Ernest Nkansah Kyei
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that the majority of nonblinding eye diseases may be
of signiicant burden to the population and health system of developing countries. This study was
conducted to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidities among senior high school students and
their association with age and sex in public senior high schools in the Kumasi metropolis.
METHODS: The study was a descriptive cross‑sectional survey. Six hundred and sixty‑two students,
with ages ranging from 14 to 20 years, from 12 randomly selected schools were examined and included
in the study. The detailed examination included visual acuity measurement, external examination
with a pen torch, ophthalmoscopy, +1 blur test, cover test, and subjective refraction.
RESULTS: Out of 662 students examined, 90% suffered at least one ocular condition. The most
common morbidity was allergy (31.1%), followed by allergic conjunctivitis (22.2%), refractive
error (10.0%), dry eye (6.9%), suspicious disc (3.6%), bacterial conjunctivitis (2.9%), foreign
body (2.7%), glaucoma suspect (1.4%), and papillitis (0.5%). More females suffered ocular problems
than males.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ocular morbidity among senior high school students in the
metropolis is high, with allergies being the most common. Eye health education, regular eye
examination, and adequate classroom illumination should be implemented in senior high schools.
Keywords:
Cross sectional survey, conjunctivitis, ocular morbidity, refractive error, senior high school
Introduction
C
ommon ocular disorders in
many countries, especially the
United Kingdom and United States were
shown to be congenital or hereditary. In
India, it is known that one out of every
four persons in the country suffers from an
eye problem at some point in time.
[1]
Many
studies on ocular morbidity have shown that
blindness and vision impairment remain
major public health problems that need to be
addressed globally.
[2‑4]
Blinding eye diseases
such as cataract, trachoma, glaucoma, and
retinal disease have been prioritized by
the Word Health Organization in Vision
2020.
[5]
However, other eye conditions
that may affect people’s functionality and
quality of life causing them to seek care
but do not necessarily lead to blindness
are mostly disregarded.
[6]
As such, the
epidemiology of nonblinding diseases such
as allergic and infective conjunctivitis, dry
eye syndrome, and others which are also
very common in the population, especially
that of developing countries have not been
suficiently investigated.
Information concerning the prevalence
of ocular morbidity, particularly among
senior high school students, in developing
countries such as Ghana, is limited.
Address for
correspondence:
Dr. David Ben Kumah,
Department of Optometry
and Visual Science,
B8, COS Building,
Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science
and Technology,
PMB Kumasi, 0023 Ghana.
E‑mail: ben56kay@
gmail.com
Department of Optometry
and Visual Science,
Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science
and Technology, Kumasi,
Ghana
Short Communication
How to cite this article: Kumah DB,
Abdul‑Kabir M, Ablordeppey RK, Adu‑Gyamfi K,
Bonsu K, Asare‑Bediako B, et al. Ocular morbidity
among Senior high school students in the Kumasi
metropolis, Ghana. Int J Health Allied Sci 2017;6:127‑31.
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DOI:
10.4103/ijhas.IJHAS_61_16
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