Intelligent Track Cleaning Robot
Jesin James
Assistant Professor
Jesse Wilson,Jovna Jetto,Alna Thomas,Dhahabiya V K
BTech Scholars
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Calicut University
SCET, Kodakara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
jesin39james@gmail.com
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Calicut University
SCET, Kodakara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
alnathomas94@gmail.com
Abstract - From the times of the British raj to this date,
scavenging rail tracks has been a puzzling social issue. The fact
that humans have to clean human waste and other garbage
thrown on rail tracks is a situation that needs immediate remedy.
Manual scavenging is done now-a -days, owing to the peculiar
nature of the job, and many who are engaged for this job suffer
from related health problems. The prevailing condition can be
rectified to some extent by the adequate use of robotics and
control technology. The proposed idea of automatic railway track
cleaning system comprises an automatic vehicle that goes on land
and track. This proposed intelligent machine specially designed
for the Indian railways can clean the railway tracks in a
systematic manner. It consists of a four-wheel running robot
with a suction unit, cleaning unit, automatic displacement unit, an
intelligent control system, an intelligent train sensing unit, and
power unit. This device is the first of its kind proposed to be
developed exclusively for the Indian Railways. Also, the railways
can save a lot of money on water and labour charges. The
application of this project in the current railway cleaning
scenario will ensure that there will not be any nauseating scenes
at railway stations across the country. We have accomplished
some functionality critical in the waste clean-up in railway tracks,
and have also tried to find solution for connected problems.
Index Terms - Robotics, Automation, Railways
I. INTRODUCTION
Indian Railways is one of the largest railway networks in the
world. Railways cover the entire length and breadth of the
country. It has a total track length of 1, 14,500 km, with
7083 stations [1] dotted along. Indian Railways is also the
largest employer in the country. It has come up as one of the
nation’s fast growing and profit making organizations.
However, sadly enough, it has been years since the railways
achieved complete sanitation. Open defecation through
railways, unclean toilets, choked basins, and littered bogeys
and tracks are the causes of the present poor sanitary condition
of India’s Railways [1].
The toilets that are constantly in use in the train-coaches are
small compartments with hole, through which human faeces is
disposed off openly on tracks [1]. Disposing off the human
excreta containing various harmful and deadly disease-
causing microorganisms into the open tracks and thereby
contaminating country-wide rivers, streams etc. Indian
Railways is perhaps becoming the biggest mobile source of
environmental pollution in the country. And of course, this
kind of round-the-clock disposal of vast quantity of human
waste in open environments to keep the trains clean is not at
all healthy and advisable. The garbage from pantry cars and
tray loads of hot meals on station and in train are also thrown
off through the doors and windows of bogeys onto the tracks
polluting the stations and places all along the train’s way. The
existing cleaning process of the tracks and the railway
platforms is manual, which is tedious and far from the desired
level of sanitation or cleanliness.
Manual scavenging deals with maintenance of hygienic
conditions through services such as collection and disposal of
solid and liquid waste using basic tools like thin boards and
buckets or baskets lined with sacking and carried on the head
[2][5]. By virtue of the job, many of the workers develop
serious health problems in course of time. The health hazards
include exposure to harmful gases such as methane and
hydrogen sulphide, cardiovascular degeneration,
musculoskeletal disorders, infections, respiratory system
failure etc.
This paper proposes that the prevailing condition can be
rectified to a considerable extent by the adequate use of
robotics and control technology. The Northern Railway is now
undertaking a massive exercise to ensure cleanliness by using
track cleaning machines [3]. The team of Northern Railway
Diesel Loco Shed, Shakurbasti at New Delhi, has developed
the concept for the design of very large, heavy- duty
equipment mounted on a Railway wagon for track cleaning.
Another similar machine introduced in Network Rail (UK) is
the ballast cleaner. A ballast cleaner is a machine that
specializes in cleaning the railway track ballast of impurities
[4]. But the main problem facing by these machines are they
are massive. These machines are intended to clean only the
major stations and fails outreaching of minor stations. We
need huge investments to build and operate such machines
considering the huge networks of Indian Railways.
This paper attempts to identify the main technical elements
contributing to the design of cleaning robots. The paper is
organized as follows. Section 3 describes some of the
mechanical configurations and methodologies used. It also
presents a list of design requirements and discusses some of
332 978-1-5090-2396-7/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE
Proceedings of 2016 IEEE
International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation
August 7 - 10, Harbin, China