IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 01 Ver. III January. (2018), PP 45-55 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1701034555 www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page Variance In Heart Rate And Maximum Predicted Heart Rate On Stress Test With Changing Body Mass Index In Young And Middle Old Age Individuals 1 Dr.Cleofina Furtado, Dr.Sandip Sardessai 2 1 POST GRADUATE, GOA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BAMBOLIM, GOA, INDIA. 2 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, GOA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BAMBOLIM, GOA, INDIA. Correspondence: Dr. Cleofina Beliza Furtado Abstract: Aim Decrease in physical activity has led to rise in obesity contributing to the upward trend of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to find how the alteration in body mass index (BMI) results in heart rate (HR) and percentage of maximum predicted heart rate (% max pHR) variability and how it differs in young and middle old subjects before and after thestress test. Also it aims to find the same difference between type 2 diabetics (type 2 DM) and non-diabetic (non DM); secondary hypertensive (HTN) and non-hypertensive (non HTN)individuals. Method : 120 individuals in the age range 14 to 75 years of age were taken for this study. We grouped these individuals into young and middle-old which was further subdivided into underweight, normal, overweight, obese based on BMI.Also the middle-old age group was by itself divided into hypertensive and non-hypertensive, type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic .The individuals were asked to undergo the stress test on a treadmill. The test was terminated on achieving the max predicted heart rate or on complaints of fatigue, leg discomfort or chest pain. Heart rate, and percentage of maximum predicted heart rate was recorded at rest and at the end of exercise. Outcome : it was found that on doing stress test HR was increased in all groups. But the increase was significantly more in young individuals especially in underweight and normal BMI groups. Keywords: BMI, Overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, secondary hypertension. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 26-12-2017 Date of acceptance: 12-01-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction It is estimated that cardiovascular disease will result in over 40 per cent deaths in India in 2020 as compared to 24 per cent in 1990 (1).With over 3 million deaths in a year, India would be the capital of cardiovascular in the upcoming years(1). Worldwide, it results in 17.3 million deaths in a year (1).It has claimed to be the leading cause in both rural and urban and also show a rising trend, with the rural slope lesser as compared to the urban (2). Cardiovascular disease ranks the highest in non-communicable disease among both males and females and in all regions in India (2) There have been studies conducted to find the association between BMI and cardiovascular status , and the effect of physical activity on cardiovascular functioning (3–10). The research on various cardiovascular parameters, the mechanism of cardiac cycle have resulted in finding out the determinants associated with the alteration of the normal working capacity and capability of heart. However there is paucity of data in terms of comparative study in young and middle old in terms of BMI variability. So also the data on association of type 2 DM and HTN and BMI is very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the variability between HR, and percentage of max pHRand BMI at rest and on exercise. Also we studied whether there was any correlation in these variables between young and middle old age subjects i.e. age dependency .we hypothesized 1)that increase in BMI lead to decrease in cardiovascular fitness 2) increase in age results in higher decrease in cardiovascular functioning irrespective of BMI .We also investigated whether HTN and type 2 DM had the same implication of deteriorating the cardiovascular status as that of BMI. II. Participants And Study Design This is a cross sectional comparative study. The participants were selected randomly. 120 individuals undertook the test of which 78 were males and 43 females. The combined total of non-DM- HTN subjects were (n=61). The participants were subdivided into young and middle-old age of which young were (n=29) and middle old (n=32). The confounding factor of DM (type 2 DM) and HTN was