IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 01 Ver. X January. (2018), PP 14-16 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1701101416 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page Newer Trends in Endodontic Treatment: A Review *Harshal Modh 1 , Vivia Sequeira 2 , Adrija Belur 1 ,NeemaArun 2 , Shraddha Dhas 2 , Gabriela Fernandes * 1 Dental student, Y.M.T. Dental College, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 2 Private practice, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India *Correspondence Author: Harshal Modh Abstract: The past couple of decades have witnessed one of the most rapid and extensive technological evolutions in dentistry.This paper aims to review the recent advances in the field of endodontics with respect to endodontic imaging, root canal preparation, disinfection and obturation. Keywords: Endodontics, advances, dental treatment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 05-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 22-01-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Prior to the early 1990s, conventional endodontic treatment involved the use of stainless-steel hand files and cold lateral gutta-percha compaction for canal preparation and obturation respectively[1]. Moreover, visualization during the entire dental procedure treatment was difficult owing to the lack of magnification (i.e., dental loupes), and the two dimensions of a standard wet tank processed dental radiograph while attempting to determine the correct working length of a root canal system[1]. Since that timeframe, the field of endodontics has embraced technological advancements and changes in various thought processes in regards to root canal therapy. Recent advances in instrumentation, obturation, visualization, and surgical techniques have assisted dentists in order to provide superior long-term prognosis for their patient’s tooth or teeth post endodontic treatment[2-4]. In past few decades there has been a very rapid and extensive development in the field of dentistry, this article spreads some light on the advances related to endodontic imaging, root canal preparation, root canal disinfection and root filling. Endodontic Imaging includes Digital Imaging- dose reduction, enhanced images, no wet processing. Root canal preparation includes more flexible alloys like Nickel Titanium; potential reduction of number of instruments per patient, decrease the need of coronal flaring. Root canal disinfection includes improved fluid dynamics during root canal irrigation; development of newer antimicrobials. Root filling includes use of calcium silicate cement based sealer; Nano-metric bioactive glass particle. . 1.1Endodontic imaging/radiography CBCT has long been employed in the field of Endodontics, whereby numerous studies have demonstrated and reported its role in the diagnosis of periapical and endodontic lesions. Several studies proposed by Estrela et al, Lofthag- Hansen et al[5, 6], Patel et al have proposed a CBCT-based periapical index to determine and establish periapical lesion size pre and post-endodontic treatment as well as comparisons with periapical radiographs in the detection of periapical lesions on individual roots[7]. Moreover, CBCT cannot only aid in the diagnosis of vertical root fractures in the Bucco-lingual or mesio-distal directions but determine the number of roots, root canals, root morphology and the prescence of any separated instrument in the canal.Another key diagnostic tool in the field of endodontics that has demonstrated superior results in comparison to the conventional radiographs is the high-resolution ultrasound and color power Doppler that is employed to monitor the healing of periapical lesions as well as bone healing[8, 9]. The advantage of this tool resides in the fact that it is easy to perform, has demonstrated an excellent success rate and is a radiation free system, which can reduce the patient’s exposure to radiation[8, 9]. Studies have also confirmed that only ultrasound combined with Doppler helps in differentiating venous from arterial flow, quantify the amount of flow and identify the anatomy of feeding vessels and well as the presence, exact size, shape, content and vascular supply of endodontic lesions in the bone[9]. However, the only drawback of this system resides in the fact that ultrasound is blocked by bone and is therefore useful only for assessing the extent of periapical lesions where there is little or no overlying cortical bone.