IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 2 Ver. 2 February. (2018), PP 45-63 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1702024563 www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page Clinical, Microbiological and radiological study of community acquired Pneumonia Dr.Kaliparambil Sugathan Roshni 1 ; Dr.P.C.Mishra 2 ; Dr.S.C.Mohapatra 3 ; Dr.A.Swetha 4 : Dr.S.Prasanna Kumar 5 , Dr.Sushanth Vemuganti 6 . 1 Dr. Kaliparambil Sugathan Roshni, Junior Resident, General Medicine, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist, AP, India. 2 Dr. P.C.Mishra, M.D., General Medicine, Professor, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist,AP, India. 3 Dr. S.C.Mohapatra, M.D., General Medicine, Professor & HOD, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist, AP, India. 4 Dr. A.Swetha, General Medicine, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist, AP, India. 5 Dr. S. Prasanna Kumar, Junior Resident, General Medicine, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist, AP, India. 6 Dr. Sushanth Vemuganti, Junior Resident, General Medicine, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram Dist,AP, India. Abstract: Background: The true incidence of pneumonia acquired in the community is unknown, but this is a common clinical problem worldwide especially in developing countries and remains a leading cause of death in India. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study were to check clinical, radiological, and bacteriological profile of patients of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken in Department of Medicine General Medicine Department, Maharaja’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Vizianagaram Dist, India from October 2014 to September 2016.. For the study, 60 indoor patients of >15 years of age group were selected from Medicine Department, diagnosed as CAP. In all studied patient’s chest -X-rays, routine laboratory test, sputum, and blood culture were done. Results: Despite the use of standard protocols, microbiological diagnosis of CAP was confirmed only in 28 (45.5%) of patients by sputum and blood culture. Sputum was the most common etiological source of organism isolation (22) followed by blood (6), Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest pathogen 10 (36.4%). Followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 8 (29.%), Staphylococcus aureus 6 (20%) and other Gram-negatives bacilli* 8 (14.5%.) *(Haemophilus influenzae 5.5%, Pseudomonas 1.8%, Acinetobacter 1.8%, Enterobacter 1.8%, Escherichia coli 1.8%, Citrobacter 1.8%). CAP was found predominantly in males (67.5%) and elderly age group (68.3%). Maximum number of patients presented with cough (92.5%), fever (90%), dyspnea (59.2%), expectoration (55%), pleuritic chest pain (14.2%), most common predisposing factors associated with CAP in the following chronological order-smoking (40.8%) > chronic obstructive airway disease (35.8%) > cardiovascular disease (16.7%) > alcoholism (12.5%) > diabetes mellitus (6.7%) > neurological disorders (2.5%). Lobar pneumonia especially right lower lobe consolidation was the most common radiological finding observed in 48.3% patients, followed by left lower lobe infiltration (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, but the emergence of the higher incidence of Gram-negative organism specially K. pneumoniae has occurred in our geographical area (India). Age, smoking, and underlying co-morbid conditions especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were significantly associated with the development of CAP (P < 0.01). Radiographic changes usually cannot be used to distinguish bacterial from the nonbacterial pneumonia. Keywords: Bacteriology, Blood culture, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Community-acquired pneumonia, Radiology smoking, Sputum culture --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 26-01-2018 Date of acceptance: 09-02-2018 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------