IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 17, Issue 3 Ver.9 March. (2018), PP 28-33 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1703092833 www.iosrjournals.org 28 | Page Anchovy Intake To Increase Alveolar Bone Density Of The Mandibles In White Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Ika Astrina 1 , Ameta Primasari 2 , Dina Keumalasari 3 1 Master of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, 2 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, 3 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Dokter Mansyur No. 9 Padang Bulan, Medan, Indonesia , 20155 Corresponding Author: Ika Astrina Abstract: Background: Anchovy (Stolephorus Sp.) Is One Of The Best Calcium Resources. Calcium Plays An Important Role In The Formation And Stabilization Of Alveolar Bone So That Its Function And Use Are Optimal. Anchovies Can Be Recommended To Be Consumed As It Is Useful For Bone And Tooth Growth And Capable Of Preventing Osteoporosis. Bone Is Living Tissues Consisting Of Calcium Intracellular Material Such As Bone Matrix And Three Kinds Of Cells, Namely Osteocyte, Osteoblast And Osteoclaclast. Osteocyte Is The Osteoblast Buried In Lacuna And Mineralized In Bone Matrix By Stellate Morphology. Method: This Is A Laboratorial Experimental Research. The Samples Consisted Of Twenty Four White Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Classified Into Four Groups Consisting Of Six Rats Each. The Groups Were P1 With Feeding Standard Food And 0.3 Ml Of Anchovies, P2 With Standard Food And 0.5 Ml Of Anchovies, P3 With Feeding Standard Food And 0.7 Ml Of Anchovies, And K (Control Group) With Feeding Only Given Standard Food To The White Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus). This Research Was Conducted For 30 Days. Results: Anchovy Influenced The Amount Of Osteocyte And Alveolar Bone Density Of The Male Wistar Rats’ Mandibles. Feeding Anchovies For 30 Days Had A Significant Influence On The Amount Of Osteocyte In Alveolar Bone Of The Wistar Rats’ Mandibles Compared To Standard Food, With P Value = 0.01 (P<0.05). Conclusion: FeedingAnchovies Increased The Amount Of Osteocyte And Alveolar Bone Density. Keywords: Anchovy, Calcium, Osteocyte, Bone Density. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 03-03-2018 Date of acceptance: 20-03-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Bone is the hardest part of the body that occupies approximately one-sixth of the body weight with the two main constituent elements of calcium and phosphate, which are bound in a hexagonal apatite crystal plate in the form of an hydroxyapatite bond with the chemical formula [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ]. The incorporation of bone marrow hydroxyapatite with bone collagen tissue forms bone hardness and elasticity so that the hardness obtained is not rigid and brittle (Ratih et al., 2013). Bone is a living tissue consisting of calcareous intercellular material, the bone matrix and three cell types: osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts (Junqueira, 2007). Osteocytes and osteoblasts are known to have calcium phosphate binding to proteins or glycoproteins, an indication of the ability to perform matrix calcification. Osteocytes are cells located within the bone matrix, derived from mesenchymal stem cells through osteoblast differentiation. During the differentiation of osteoblasts into adult osteocytes, cells lose most of their cellular organelles. The cell process is packaged with microfilaments and involves morphological changes such as the size of cell diameter, increased intracellular processes, and changes in intracellular organelles (Djuwita et al., 2012). Bone tissue is dynamic because it is constantly undergoing remodeling. Bone remodeling is intended for homeostatic calcium regulation, repairing tissue damaged by physical movement, minor damage due to stress factors and skeletal formation during growth (Hill, 1998; Fernandez et al., 2006). The imbalance between resorption and bone formation in bone remodeling processes can result in reduced bone density that may lead to bone metabolic disease (Seeman, 2003; Djikstra-Appelman, 2015). Reduced bone cell density can result from reduced osteocytes or lack of mineral content, but both can lead to bone fragility (Manolagas, 2000). Mandible is where the teeth are attached. Inside the mandible there is a structure that acts as a dental support buffer, one of which is the alveolar bone. The stability of alveolar bone is necessary in the field of dentistry because it affects the success of dental treatment. Bone quality needs to be improved to maintain and maintain alveolar bone stability and reduce the risk of resorbtion, by maintaining bone mineral content, eg calcium for the calcification process (Madhavan, 2014). Calcification is the process of hardening of organic