International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 5 Issue: 7 851 – 857 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 851 IJRITCC | July 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ Optimum Location of TCSC by Sensitivity Factor Analysis for Congestion Management Mr. Sonu Gurra Assistant Professor in Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering YMCA University of Science and Technology Faridabad, Haryana (INDIA) sonu.gurra444@gmail.com Dr. Poonam Singhal Associate Professor in Dept. of Electrical Engineering YMCA University of Science and Technology Faridabad, Haryana (INDIA) ymcapoonamsinghal@gmail.com Abstract—Due to deregulation of electric market transmission congestion occurs due insufficient transmission capacity to accommodate all constraints for transmission of a line. FACTS devices such as Gate Controlled Series Capacitor and Thyristor Control Series Compensator can help to reduce the flow in heavily loaded lines by controlling the power flow in the network. It increases the load ability of the network and reduces the cost of production. Congestion management using series connected FACTS devices can be done in two steps. First, find the optimal location of FACTS device and second, optimize the setting of the control parameter of FACTS device. Three methods to determine the optimal location of series connected FACTS device are discussed in this paper. The approach is based on sensitivity of line loss, total system loss and real power flow performance index. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 9-bus system in MATLAB programming as well as SIMULINK. Keywords— Congestion management, TCSC, Sensitivity factor analysis. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION The increasing industries and change of life style has led to increase the dependency on the electrical energy. This has resulted into surge of power systems. This increase in power systems has resulted into few uncertainties. Power interruption and power outages are one of the main problems and affects the economy of a country. In contrast to the fast changes in technologies and the power demanded by these technologies, transmission systems are force to operate closer to their stability limits and reaching their thermal limits, because the power delivering through the line is increased. If the power exchanges are not controlled, any line located between any two areas may become overloaded, this phenomenon is called congestion. The main problems faced by power industries to match the supply and demand required are:  Transmission & Distribution; supply the electric demand keeping the line within the thermal limit.  In large power system, stability problems causing power interruptions and blackouts which leads to huge losses. These constraints affect the quality of power supplied. However, these constraints can be suppressed by improving the power system control. Congestion may be removed through different ways. Among the technical solutions, we have system reconfiguration, system re-dispatch, operation of FACTS devices, out-aging of congested lines, and operation of transformer tap changers [10][17]. The issue of transmission congestion is more important in the case of deregulated markets and competitive markets and it needs a very special analysis. In these conditions, independent system operator (ISO) has to remove the congestion, so that the system remains in secure state. To remove the congestion ISO can use followings methodologies [16],  Out-ageing of overloaded lines  Operation of on load tap changer transformer or operation of phase shifters [9]  Use of FACTS devices mainly series devices such as GCSC, SSSC or TCSC  Change of the generation amounts. By using this method, some generators reduce while others increase their output. The effect of change of generation means generators will no longer run at equal incremental costs as it did in case of economic load dispatch..  Removal of loads and the operation of load interruption options [13] FACTS devices are used as one of those technologies which can relieve the transmission congestion and hence leads to better utilization of the existing grid infrastructure. Furthermore, using FACTS devices gives more freedom to ISO [16]. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is a device which is connected in series of a transmission line and its impedance can be varied by varying its firing angle and hence it can increase the power transfer capability, increase the transient stability, decrease the transmission losses and improve the transient stability [6]. This paper deals with the location of the series FACTS devices, especially to manage congestion and to minimize the losses after removal of congestion in the deregulated electricity markets. The location of FACTS devices can be found on the basis of the static performance or dynamic/transient performance of the system. Sensitivity factor analysis methods are used to determine the optimal location for FACTS devices [1-4] and the results are compared with IEEE 9-Bus Model’s MATLAB programming results. This paper presents the comparative analysis of approaches based on line loss sensitivity indices, real power Performance