Humphrey Danso*
Department of Construction and Wood Technology, University of Education, Ghana
*Corresponding author: Humphrey Danso, Department of Construction and Wood Technology, University of Education Winneba, P.O. Box 1277,
Kumasi, Ghana, Email:
Submission: December 21, 2017; Published: February 19, 2018
Dimensions and Indicators for Sustainable
Construction Materials: A Review
Introduction
Sustainability is a concept which is concern with the
environmental, social and economic development in different
specializations such as economics, engineering, construction,
ecology and health to meet the present and future needs.
Sustainable construction is therefore the adoption of materials
and products in buildings and construction that will require less
use of natural resources and increase the reusability of such
materials and products for the same or similar purpose Keung [1].
Building construction and operations have significant direct and
indirect impacts on the environment (Wahlström et al. [2]). The
current mainstream building materials and methods are producing
large amounts of CO
2
both during construction and throughout a
building’s life (Peach [3]). According to Khatib [4] construction
managers, researchers and academics have a major role to play in
sustaining our environment, through efficient utilisation of natural
resourced, re-use and recycling.
The main objectives of sustainable construction activities are
to avoid resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials
and prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and
infrastructure throughout their life cycle (Wahlström et al. [2]).
The sustainability of construction technology and materials is
increasingly on the international agenda, as demonstrated by
Environmental assessment tools such as BREEAM (Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) in the
UK, and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design),
its equivalent in the USA (Fielding et al. [5]).
Example of sustainable materials include wool bricks, solar
tiles, sustainable concrete, paper insulation, triple-glazed windows
(Peach [3]). For construction of walls, earth-based technologies
offer the best solutions for long-term sustainable construction
development. Rammed earth (RE) and stabilised soil block (SSB)
techniques appear to be the most appropriate, with the added
advantage of providing culturally acceptable solutions in sub-
Saharan Africa (Fielding et al. [5]). The choice of materials will
be heavily influenced by what is available locally, following the
principle of minimising transport costs as well minimise the use
of high energy materials, such as metal and cement (Fielding et al.
[5]).
Sustainable construction has three main dimensions:
environment, social and economic. Each of these dimensions can be
characterised by number of indicators. The indicators available in
literature are provided in different forms depending on the focus of
each study, without considering construction materials in general.
This paper therefore provides a review of the general and relevant
available indicators for measuring sustainable construction
materials. The review consists mainly of sustainability assessment,
sustainability indicators, environmental dimension, social
dimension and economic dimension for construction materials
and analytical hierarchical process in sustainable construction
materials assessment.
Sustainability Assessment
Sustainability is a highly integrated concept, whereby
environmental, social and economic factors are decidedly inter-
related (Mailler [6]). Sustainability requires the reconciliation of
environmental, social equity and economic demands, also known as
the “3 Es” or the “3 pillars” of sustainability. The term sustainability
Review Article
Research & Development in
Material Science C
CRIMSON PUBLISHERS
Wings to the Research
1/9 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Humphrey Danso.
Volume 3 - Issue - 4
Abstract
Sustainable construction practices are provided to reduce resource depletion and prevent environmental degradation caused by construction
activities and products. The purpose of this paper is to review the general and relevant available indicators for measuring sustainable construction
materials. The paper outlines the main idea behind sustainability assessment. It also reviews the critical sustainability indicators which are grouped
under the 3Es, thus environmental, social equity and economic dimensions. Furthermore, it highlights the analytical hierarchical process in sustainable
construction materials assessment. The paper concludes that it is important to identify the relevant sustainable indicators for construction materials
and be able to measure the indicators following the analytical hierarchical process.
Keywords: Construction materials; Sustainable construction; Sustainable indicators
ISSN: 2576-8840