!!"#$%&!!’ ( #’ & )* $+ !,-#’ ."$"& www.ijera.com DOI: 10.9790/96220806023446 34 | Page Zuber Arif Khan*, Dr. Murari Mohon Roy** /0 ’ 1 2 ’ 34 567’ 8 97’ :’ ; *<9=- // *’ 1 2 ’ 34 567’ 8 97’ :’ ; *<9=- ; 1 2 2 7 ! This study investigated the effects of EGR on performance and emission of a twin cylinder HATZ 2G40 light duty engine at different speeds (1000 rpm, 2100 rpm and 3000 rpm) at different load conditions (20%, 50% and 80%) at each speed. Biodieseldiesel blends with additives are considered the fuels in this study. The biodiesel was produced from pure canola oil using the transesterification process. Additives such as methanol (5% and 10% by volume) and diethyl ether (5% by volume) were mixed together to use in a dieselbiodiesel blends of B20 (20 vol.% biodiesel and 80% diesel), B50 (50 vol.% biodiesel and 50% diesel), and B100. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brakespecific energy consumption (BSEC) were measured as the engine performance parameters, and those were increased when increasing the percentage of biodiesel and additives in the mixture. In emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke were measured. Increasing the percentage of biodiesel decreased HC and CO emissions and increased NOx, whereas increasing the methanol percentage increased HC and CO emission in the diethyl ether biodieseldiesel blend when compared with a dieselbiodiesel blend. This was still less than diesel, except for the B20 series, which showed a 2022% decrease in NOx emission for methanol 10%, diethyl ether 5% in B20 (M10D5B20). However, the use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) shows a significant decrease in BSEC and increase in BTE. In terms of emissions, the use of EGR decreases smoke opacity and NO x emission but increases CO and HC emissions. Biodiesel, canola oil, diesel engine, diethylether, EGR, emissions, methanol, transesterification " #$!$# The availability of oil reserves is diminishing, and the environmental regulations and norms are becoming more stringent day by day for the use of natural resources as fuels [1]. Petrochemical resources, such as coal and natural gases, have been the main source of energy for the worlds energy needs [2]. Diesel engines have many advantages over spark ignition engine like lower brake specific fuel consumption and HC formation but at the same time also produces high amount of NO, soot and CO 2 emissions [3].These environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum fueled engines with the increase in demand for fuel led to the research and production of an alternative fuel which is sustainable as well as renewable. Hence, the renewable and clean alternative fuels have established most important desirability for present and future consumption [4]. Vegetable oil are found to be a possible source of energy that can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine as they have properties similar to that of diesel [3,4]. However, these vegetable oils are not suitable for direct use in diesel engine due to their high viscosity and low volatility, low cetane number and high boiling point which leads to engine oil contamination, incomplete combustion and higher smoke emission [5]. These problems can be either reduced or eliminated through a process known as transesterification of vegetable oil to form methyl esters, which is commonly known as biodiesel [5–7]. As biodiesel is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel, it is receiving immense attention as an alternative fuel [8]. Biodiesel has a higher cetane number than diesel fuel with no aromatics and sulphur content [9], and contains 1011% of oxygen by weight. Use of biodiesel in internal combustion engine results in reduction of unburnt hydrocarbons, sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide and particulate material (PM) [1]. But at the same time it also increases the NO x emissions which are considered to be the most harmful gas of all mentioned above [10]. According to Sun et al. [11], biodiesel produces higher NOx due to following reasons: high oxygen RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS